The sidereal messenger of Galileo Galilei : $b and a part of the preface to Kepler's Dioptrics containing the original account of Galileo's astronomical discoveriesGalilei, Galileo
History
The sidereal messenger of Galileo Galilei : $b and a part of the preface to Kepler's Dioptrics containing the original account of Galileo's astronomical discoveries
Galilei, Galileo
Astronomy -- Early works to 1800; Jupiter (Planet) -- Satellites
Feb. 19: 0 h. 40 m.—Two satellites only were in view, west of Jupiter,
rather large, and arranged exactly in the same straight line with
Jupiter, in the direction of the ecliptic (Fig. 54). The nearer
satellite was at a distance of 7´ from Jupiter and of 6´ from the
satellite further to the west.
Feb. 20.—The sky was cloudy.
Feb. 21: 1 h. 30 m.—Three satellites, rather small, were in view,
placed thus (Fig. 55). The satellite to the east was 2´ from Jupiter;
Jupiter was 3´ from the next, which was on the west; and this one was
7´ from the satellite further to the west. They were exactly in the
same straight line parallel to the ecliptic.
Feb. 25: 1 h. 30 m. (for on the three previous nights the sky was
overcast).—Three satellites appeared, two on the east, which were at a
distance of 4´ apart, the same as the distance of the nearer satellite
from Jupiter; on the west there was one satellite at a distance of
2´ from Jupiter. They were exactly in the same straight line in the
direction of the ecliptic (Fig. 56).
Feb. 26: 0 h. 30 m.—A pair of satellites only were present, one on
the east, distant 10´ from Jupiter; the other was on the west, at a
distance of 6´ (Fig. 57). The eastern satellite was slightly smaller
than the western. At the fifth hour three satellites were visible; for,
besides the two already noticed, a third satellite was in view, on the
west, near Jupiter, very small, which previously had been hidden behind
Jupiter, and it was at a distance of 1´ from the planet (Fig. 58).
But the satellite on the east was seen to be further off than before,
being at a distance of 11´ from Jupiter. On this night, for the first
time, I determined to observe the motion of Jupiter and the adjacent
planets (his satellites) along the zodiac, by reference to some fixed
star; for there was a fixed star in view, eastwards of Jupiter, at a
distance of 11´ from the satellite on the east, and a little to the
south, in the following manner (Fig. 59).
Feb. 27: 1 h. 4 m.—The satellites appeared in the following
configuration. The satellite furthest to the east was at a distance
of 10´ from Jupiter; the next in order was near Jupiter, being at a
distance of 0´ 30´´ from the planet. The next satellite was on the
western side, at a distance of 2´ 30´´ from Jupiter; and the satellite
further to the west was at a distance of 1´ from this. The two
satellites near to Jupiter appeared small, especially the satellite
on the east; but the satellites furthest off were very bright,
particularly that on the west, and they made a straight line in the
direction of the ecliptic exactly. The motion of the planets towards
the east was plainly seen by reference to the aforesaid fixed star, for
Jupiter and his attendant satellites were nearer to it, as may be seen
in the accompanying figure (Fig. 60). At the fifth hour the satellite
on the east, near to Jupiter, was 1´ from the planet.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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