With the approach of winter, the first task was to house his army. This
was gradually accomplished, and the regiments went into their winter
quarters. For a time, however, there was a scarcity of food and fuel.
This was due, not to a lack of either, but to the weakness in the system
of providing for them. For some weeks there was distress and discontent;
at times we are told that the troops ate their provision raw, and most
of the orchards and shade trees within the camp were cut down for fuel.
Washington vigorously represented the state of the case to the
Massachusetts congress; he gave permission to cut wood in private
wood-lots, promising payment; and finally the need was met. The towns
sent generous supplies of wood to the camp, rations were provided in
plenty, and the only period of hardship which the Americans endured was
safely passed before the winter set in.
There was not much for the army to do when once the barracks were built
and new quarters taken. The work of fortifying Lechmere's Point went on
slowly, on account of the frost; it was not until the end of February
that the redoubt was completed, and its guns mounted. But the troops
were drilled, and were kept busy in perfecting the fortifications.
Washington seized every chance to improve his defences, as we see him
when planning new redoubts to guard against the possibility of a sortie
from the Neck.[139]
The news of the burning of Falmouth reached Washington on the 24th of
October, and greatly roused his indignation. As it was expected that the
British fleet might next descend upon Portsmouth, he sent General
Sullivan thither, with orders to put the harbor in a state of defence,
and at all events to save the small store of powder which had been
brought into that place. This was a capture by the little navy.
Mowatt's fleet, however, made no attempt upon Portsmouth, and presently
returned to Boston. Feeling temporarily secure against further
depredations upon the coast, Washington put his whole energy into the
reorganization of his army.
The period from the end of November until the early part of February was
one of the hardest in Washington's career. His difficulties were those
which we have seen already, want of powder and want of arms, but to them
was added the great fear of a lack of men. As to powder, its supply
still fluctuated, small quantities coming in irregularly, and being
steadily used in equally niggardly amounts, or slowly spoiling in the
soldiers' pouches. Muskets were still scanty, and Washington saw no hope
except in buying those of his soldiers whose terms were about to expire,
or in sending agents through the neighboring towns to secure what they
could find. There was a corresponding lack of cannon, bayonets, flints,
and small appurtenances.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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