=156=: 25. =Plutarch.= The Greek historian and moralist, born about 46 A.D. His _Lives_ are perhaps the most interesting work of biography in the world. The quotation in the text is from his other principal work, the _Morals_. =157=: 5. =That great rule.= _Luke_ vi. 27-29. =157=: 8. =Many good men ... alienated from one another.= It is probable Addison had especially in mind his own old friendship with Swift, which had grown very chill of late on account of their political differences. As early as December 14, 1710, when he began to be intimate with the new Tory ministry, Swift writes in the _Journal to Stella_, "Mr. Addison and I are as different as black and white, and I believe our friendship will go off by this damned business of party." A month later, January 14, 1711, he says, "At the coffee-house talked coldly awhile with Mr. Addison; all our friendship and dearness are off; we are civil acquaintances, talk words, of course, of when we shall meet, and that is all." =158=: 26. =Guelphs and Ghibellines.= The two great political parties in Italy, fiercely opposed to each other from the middle of the twelfth to the end of the fifteenth century. The Guelphs or popular party, supported the pope; the Ghibellines, or aristocratic party, the emperor. =158=: 27. =The League.= The Holy Catholic League, formed in France, 1546, to resist the claims of Henry IV to the throne, and check the advance of Protestantism. XXII. WHIGS AND TORIES--_Continued_ =Motto.= "Trojan or Rutulian, it shall be the same to me."--Virgil, _Æneid_, x. 108. =161=: 24. =Diodorus Siculus.= A Greek historian of the first century, born--as the name implies--in Sicily. He wrote a _Historical Library_, of which only a part is preserved. =162=: 19. =The spirit of party reigns more in the country.= Here speaks the Whig prejudice of Addison; Sir Roger himself might have thought differently. =162=: 29. =Tory fox hunters.= See Addison's account of a typical Tory fox hunter in _The Freeholder_, No. 22. =164=: 23. =Fanatic.= The term was frequently applied to the Puritans, and later to Dissenters. XXIII. SIR ROGER AND THE GIPSIES =Motto.= "They find their constant delight in gathering new spoils, and living upon plunder."--Virgil, _Æneid_, vii. 748. =166=: 2. =Set the heads of our servant-maids so agog=, _i.e_. by telling their fortunes. =166=: 6. =Crosses their hands with a piece of silver.= It was customary to make the sign of the cross upon the hand of the gipsy with the coin given him--probably with a view to avert any evil influence from such doubtful characters. =166=: 23. =A Cassandra of the crew.= Cassandra, daughter of Priam, king of Troy, had been given by Apollo the gift of prophecy; but the god, afterward offended by her, rendered the gift futile by decreeing that she should never be believed. XXIV. THE SPECTATOR DECIDES TO RETURN TO LONDON =Motto.= "Once more, ye woods, farewell."--Virgil, _Eclogues_, x. 63.