The slide rule : $b a practical manualPickworth, Charles N. (Charles Newton)
Science
The slide rule : $b a practical manual
Pickworth, Charles N. (Charles Newton)
Slide-rule
Set cursor to 2·86 on A and drawing the slide to the right find 1·42
under 1 on C, when 1·42 on B is under the cursor. Then reading under
1, ∛(10) and ∛(100,) we have
∛(2·86) = 1·42; ∛(28·6) = 3·06 and ∛(286) = 6·59.
It will be seen that factorising with powers of 10, we multiply the
initial root by ∛(10) and ∛(100). Obviously the three roots will always
be found on D, in their natural order and at intervals of one-third the
length of the rule. The number of digits in the roots of numbers which
do not lie between 1 and 1000, is found as before explained.
In any method of extracting cube roots in which the slide has to be
adjusted to give equal readings on B and D, the author has found it of
advantage to adopt the following plan:—The cursor being set to, say, 4·8
on A, bring a near _main_ division line on B, as 1·7, to the cursor;
then 1 on C is at 1·68 on D. The difference in the readings is two small
divisions on D, and moving the slide forward by _one-third the space
representing this difference_, we obtain 1·687 as the root required.
With a little practice it is possible to obtain more accurate results by
this method than by comparing the reading on D with that on the less
finely-graded B scale.
MISCELLANEOUS POWERS AND ROOTS.
In addition to squares and cubes, certain other powers and roots may be
readily obtained with the slide rule.
_Two-thirds Power._—The value of N^⅔ is found on A over ∛̅N on D. The
number of digits is decided by the rule for squares, working from the
number of digits in the cube root. It will often be found preferable to
treat N^⅔ as N ÷ ∛̅N, as in this way the magnitude of the result is much
more readily appreciated.
_Three-two Power._—N^{³⁄₂} can be obtained by cubing the square root,
deciding the number of digits in each process. For the reason just
given, it is preferable to regard N^{³⁄₂} as N × √̅N.
_Fourth Power._—For N^4 set the index of C to N on D and over N on C
read N^4 on A; or find the square of the square of N, deciding the
number of digits at each step.
_Fourth Root._—Similarly for ∜̅N, take the square root of the square
root.
_Four-third Power._—N^{⁴⁄₃} = N^{1·33} (useful in gas-engine diagram
calculations) is best treated as N × ∛̅N.
Other powers can be found by repeated multiplication. Thus setting 1 on
B to N on A, we have on A, N^2 over N; N^3 over N^2; N^4 over N^3; N^5
over N^4, etc. In the same way, setting N on B to N on D, we can read
such values as N^¾, N^⅞, etc.
POWERS AND ROOTS BY LOGARITHMS.
For powers or roots other than those of the simple forms already
discussed, it is necessary to employ the usual logarithmic process. Thus
to find _a^n_ = _x_, we multiply the logarithm of _a_ by _n_, and find
the number _x_ corresponding to the logarithm so obtained. Similarly, to
find _ⁿ√̅a_ = _x_ we divide the logarithm of _a_ by _n_, and find the
number _x_ corresponding to the resulting logarithm.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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