The social contract & discoursesRousseau, Jean-Jacques
Philosophy
The social contract & discourses
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Economics; Political science -- Early works to 1800; Social contract
If we strip this being, thus constituted, of all the supernatural gifts
he may have received, and all the artificial faculties he can have
acquired only by a long process; if we consider him, in a word, just as
he must have come from the hands of nature, we behold in him an animal
weaker than some, and less agile than others; but, taking him all
round, the most advantageously organised of any. I see him satisfying
his hunger at the first oak, and slaking his thirst at the first brook;
finding his bed at the foot of the tree which afforded him a repast;
and, with that, all his wants supplied.
While the earth was left to its natural fertility and covered with
immense forests, whose trees were never mutilated by the axe, it would
present on every side both sustenance and shelter for every species of
animal. Men dispersed up and down among the rest, would observe and
imitate their industry, and thus attain even to the instinct of the
beasts, with the advantage that, whereas every species of brutes was
confined to one particular instinct, man, who perhaps has not any one
peculiar to himself, would appropriate them all, and live upon most of
those different foods, which other animals shared among themselves; and
thus would find his subsistence much more easily than any of the rest.
Accustomed from their infancy to the inclemencies of the weather and
the rigour of the seasons, inured to fatigue, and forced, naked and
unarmed, to defend themselves and their prey from other ferocious
animals, or to escape them by flight, men would acquire a robust and
almost unalterable constitution. The children, bringing with them into
the world the excellent constitution of their parents, and fortifying
it by the very exercises which first produced it, would thus acquire
all the vigour of which the human frame is capable. Nature in this case
treats them exactly as Sparta treated the children of her citizens:
those who come well formed into the world she renders strong and
robust, and all the rest she destroys; differing in this respect from
our modern communities, in which the State, by making children a burden
to their parents, kills them indiscriminately before they are born.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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