France, intervenes in Uruguayan civil war, 269; poaches, 304, 317; French traders in Brazil, 322, 329, 343; settlement at Rio, 333; measures to expel, from Rio, 335; attempts to colonise Maranhao, 345; takes Rio, 383; ministers of, with Pedro I., 434 Francia, Jose Gaspar, 190-197, 256, 258 Franciscans, 58, 169, 182 Free Masonry, 409, 415, 484 French Revolution, 82 G Gama, Basilio da, poet, 399 Gama, Vasco da, 295 Garay, Juan de, founder of Buenos Aires, 30-33, 58, 237 Garcia, Aleixo, 316 Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 270, 442 Gauchos, origin of, 81; element in Argentine army, 94, 116; defend Bolivian frontier, 101, 104; in Entre Rios, 236, 244; Uruguayan, 248, 279, 442; in Rio Grande do Sul, 502 Glycerio, Francisco, 495 Goes, Zacarias de, 466 Gold, in Africa, 8; in Hayti, 10, 12; Spain's desire for, 49; value of, 50; in Peru, 78; in Brazil, 310, 378-380, 391-393, 397, 405 Gonzaga, poet, 399 Goyaz, 310, 313, 348, 372 Great Britain, fleet of, before Montevideo, 83-86; gunboats of, hold Paraguayan flagship, 204; captured Buenos Aires, 248; besiege Montevideo, 250, 251; blockade Buenos Aires, 269; filibustering of, along Brazilian coast, 343; importations of, into Brazil, 405, 459; ministers of, 434; relations with Brazil, 456 Guarany (Tupi), Indians, 42, 297 Guararapes, battle of, 364 Guayabos, battle of, 255 Guayaquil, 112 Guayra cataract, 171, 178, 179 Guayra province, 173, 177, 180 H Hayes, Rutherford B., 222 Hayti, 10, 12 Henry the Navigator, 292 Hernandarias Saavedra, 58, 174, 237 Heyn, Piet, Admiral, 352 Hides, 49, 60, 78, 148, 241 Holland, 309, 343, 350 _et seq._ Horses, 32, 33, 43, 131, 238 Huallpa Inca (Bohorquez), 63 Huaqui, battle of, 92, 253 Huguenots, 334, 345 Humaita, 207, 212-218, 475 I Iguassu River, 67, 180 Ilheos, 320, 344 Immigration, into Argentina, 45, 130, 136, 141, 144, 159; into Paraguay, 222; into Uruguay, 268, 276, 278; into Brazil, 339, 346, 404, 408, 463, 490, 501, 512 Incas, 13, 14, 41, 42 Indian corn, 41, 306, 310 Indian language, 18, 166, 300, 331 Indian wars, with Guaranies, 29; with inferior tribes, 43; with Andean, 58, 59; in Argentine, 62, 124, 145; in Uruguay, 62, 232, 234, 237; with Calchaquies, 63; Paulistas' raids, 67, 72, 170, 173, 348; with Charruas, 71, 244; in the plains of the Chaco, 166; with Aymores, 321, 335; with Tamoyos, 331; in Brazil, 333, 343, 373 Indians, flourishing communities, 18; Irala's dealing with, 27; Andean and inferior tribes 42; Jesuits and, 73, 74, 173, 331; civilised, 168, 405; evangelisation of, 170, 173, 327; social status of, 184; employment, 185; Cabral and, 297; relations with the French, 333, 335; Brazilian, 298-300 Indigo, 405 Intendencias, 75