This footnote directed the inquisitive reader to seven sources. The first was a paper prepared by Kenneth B. Clark, “The Effect of Prejudice and Discrimination on Personality Development,” delivered at the 1950 White House Conference on Children and Youth; Clark, a professor of psychology at the College of the City of New York, was then at least presumptively on the payroll of the NAACP--he was “social science consultant for the NAACP’s legal and educational division.” A second source was “Personality in the Making,” by Helen Leland Witmer and Ruth Kotinsky. The third was a report of a survey conducted for the American Jewish Congress in 1947 by Max Deutscher and Isidor Chein. They sent a questionnaire to 849 social scientists, asking, first in the affirmative and then in the negative, “[Do you] believe that enforced segregation has (has not) a detrimental psychological effect on members of the racial or religious groups which are segregated?” A second question, similarly phrased, sought the social scientists’ opinions on whether such segregation has detrimental effects on the majority group imposing the segregation. All told, 517 of those queried returned the questionnaire (32 of the 517 were from the South). Not surprisingly, 90 per cent of the 517 obligingly answered Ja to the first question and 83 per cent said Ja to the second. Had there been an opportunity to put Deutscher and Chein on a witness stand, counsel for the South might have sought clarification on what was meant by “enforced,” what by “segregation,” and what by “detrimental,” and rebuttal witnesses might have been summoned to testify on the effects, detrimental or otherwise, of enforced integration on the majority group. The fourth authority cited by the court was a paper by Chein in a publication of such large obscurity and small circulation that few persons can have examined it: “What are the Psychological Effects of Segregation under Conditions of Equal Facilities,” in Volume 3 of the _International Journal of Opinion and Attitude Research_ (1949). Fifth on the list was “Educational Costs in Discrimination and National Welfare,” by Theodore Brameld, then a professor of educational philosophy at the University of Minnesota. The sixth reference was to Edward Franklin Frazier’s _The Negro in the United States_. Frazier is a Negro sociologist, professor of sociology at Howard University, who served as chairman of UNESCO’s committee of experts on race. And finally, said the court, “see generally Myrdal, _An American Dilemma_.”