This essay is concerned chiefly with the other thirteen States, with attitudes and practices that then prevailed widely in all of them and still prevail overwhelmingly in some of them: the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. A possibly more definitive list might eliminate Oklahoma and Kentucky from this neo-Confederate fold; their Negro populations comprise no more than 6 or 7 per cent of the State total, and Oklahoma looks to the Southwest while Kentucky (mildly anesthetized by Mr. Bingham’s Louisville _Courier-Journal_) looks nowhere in particular. Yet I myself was reared in Oklahoma, and I know at first hand of the intensely Southern sentiment that still obtains in much of the State; my Kentucky friends write me poignantly, as one writes from East Berlin or Poland, asking CARE packages and seeking prayers, and I judge that many Kentuckians continue to look upon integration as they might look upon orange slices in a julep. They will drink the horrid thing, but their sense of propriety is outraged. These thirteen States together make up a fascinating part of the American Republic. Their combined area amounts to nearly 863,000 square miles, or about 28 per cent of the continental United States. The 1960 census found in them 48,802,000 persons, of whom 24,036,000 were males and 24,755,000 were females; and, more to our point, the census found in them 38,404,000 white persons, 10,231,000 Negro persons, and 167,000 other nonwhites, mostly Indians in Texas, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. The census of 1960 turned up a great many other figures useful to an understanding of the American South. Some of these are best presented in tabulated form. These figures, for example, bear close study: NEGRO POPULATION, THIRTEEN SOUTHERN STATES, 1900-1960 _Per cent Total Pop._ _Per cent_ _Number_ _State_ _1900_ _1920_ _1940_ _1960_ _1960_ ---------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama 45.2 38.4 34.7 30.0 980,271 Arkansas 28.0 27.0 24.7 21.8 388,787 Florida 43.7 34.0 27.1 17.8 880,186 Georgia 46.7 41.7 34.7 28.5 1,122,596 Kentucky 13.3 9.8 7.5 7.1 215,949 Louisiana 47.1 38.9 35.9 31.9 1,039,207 Mississippi 58.5 52.2 49.2 42.0 915,743 North Carolina 33.0 29.8 27.5 24.5 1,116,021 Oklahoma 7.0 7.4 7.2 6.6 153,084 South Carolina 58.4 51.4 42.8 34.8 829,291 Tennessee 23.8 19.3 17.4 16.5 586,876 Texas 20.4 15.9 14.4 12.4 1,187,125 Virginia 35.6 29.9 24.7 20.6 816,258