4. Chalmers, Beverley, Holmes, Marshall and Robertson speak, positively, of great discontents occasioned by restrictions and oppressions upon Virginian commerce: and a Memorial in behalf of the trade of the State presented to the Protector, mentions "_the poor planters' general complaints that they are the merchant's slaves_," as a consequence of "_that Act of Navigation_." 5. It is probable that Bennett, Digges, and Matthews, (granting Bennett to have been disloyal) were forced upon the colony by Cromwell, whom Robertson (on the authority of Beverley and Chalmers,) asserts to have named the governors during the Protectorate. The election was possibly a mere form. The use of the equivocal word _named_, is, as Judge Tucker remarks, a proof that the historian was not speaking at random. He does not say _appointed_. They were _named_--with no possibility of their nomination being rejected--as the speaker of the House of Commons was frequently named in England. But Bennett was a staunch loyalist--a fact too well known in Virginia to need proof. 6. The reasoning here is reasoning in a circle. Virginia is first declared republican. From this assumed fact, deductions are made which prove Berkeley so--and Berkeley's republicanism, thus proved, is made to establish that of Virginia. But Berkeley's answer (from which Mr. Bancroft has extracted the words "I am but the servant of the Assembly") runs thus. "You desire me to do that concerning your titles and claims to land in this northern part of America, which I am in no capacity to do; for I am but the servant of the Assembly: _neither do they arrogate to themselves any power farther than the miserable distractions in England force them to_. For when God shall be pleased to take away and dissipate the unnatural divisions of their native country, _they will immediately return to their professed obedience_." Smith's New York. It will be seen that Mr. Bancroft has been disingenuous in quoting only a portion of this sentence. _The whole_ proves incontestibly that neither Berkeley nor the Assembly _arrogated to themselves any power beyond what they were forced to assume by circumstances_--in a word, it proves their loyalty. But Berkeley was loyal beyond dispute. _Norwood_, in his "Journal of a Voyage to Virginia," states that "Berkeley showed great respect to all the royal party who made that colony their refuge. His house and purse were open to all so qualified." The same journalist was "sent over, at Berkeley's expense, to find out the King in Holland, and have an interview with him." To these arguments in favor of Virginia's loyalty may be added the following. 1. Contemporaries of Cromwell--men who were busy in the great actions of the day--have left descendants in Virginia--descendants in whose families the loyalty of Virginia is a cherished _tradition_.