In Virginia there was an increase from 515 to 1771 miles; the two Carolinas gained from 537 to 1876 miles; Georgia from 643 to 1404; Florida from 21 to 401; Alabama from 132 to 743; Mississippi from 75 to 872; Louisiana from 79 to 334, and Kentucky from 78 to 569. Neither Texas, Arkansas nor Tennessee had a single mile of railroad in 1850, but in 1860 Tennessee had 1197 miles, showing remarkable activity in construction during the decade, while Texas had 306 miles, and Arkansas 38. The percentage of increase in population in the South from 1850 to 1860, even including the slaves, was 24 per cent., while in the rest of the country, the gain due largely to immigration, of which the South received none, was 42 per cent. Yet from 1850 to 1860 the South increased its railroad mileage 319 per cent., while in the rest of the country the gain was only 234 per cent. The South had one mile of road in 1860 to every 700 white inhabitants; the other sections all combined had one mile to every 1000 inhabitants. Thus counting the whites only, the South led the country in its railroad mileage per capita, and if the slaves be included, the South still stood on a par with the country at large in per capita railroad mileage. While devoting great attention to the building of railroads, the South also made rapid progress during the decade ending with 1860 in the development of its diversified manufactures. The census of 1860 shows that in 1850 the flour and meal made by Southern mills was worth $24,773,000, and that by 1860 this had increased to $45,006,000, a gain of $20,000,000, or nearly one-fourth of the gain in the entire country, and a much greater percentage of gain than in the country at large, notwithstanding the enormous immigration into the Western grain-producing States during that period. The South’s sawed and planed lumber product of 1860 was $20,890,000 against $10,900,000 in 1850, this gain of $10,000,000 being largely more than one-third as much as the gain in all other sections combined, although even counting in the slaves the South had less than one-third of the country’s population.