The Southern War Poetry of the Civil War BY ESTHER PARKER ELLINGER Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania, May 1918, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1918 COPYRIGHT, 1918 ESTHER PARKER ELLINGER THE HERSHEY PRESS HERSHEY, PA. FOREWORD In the assembling of material so widely scattered and so long unsought either by students or by collectors, it has been necessary for me to depend in some measure on the efforts of others who have been most generous with their help and assistance. I desire to record my gratitude especially to my Father and my Mother, without whose unfailing sympathy and co-operation this work could not have been done: and to Mrs. C. Francis Osborne of Philadelphia, Miss Sallie Shepherd of Norfolk, Virginia, and Miss Florence D. Johnston of Philadelphia, for books and individual poems. For their courtesy in allowing me free access to the collections committed to their charge I must acknowledge further indebtedness to Mr. Wallace H. Cathcart, Vice-President and Director of the Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, whose splendid collection of Civil War items contains many rare and important imprints and broadsides: and to Mr. Bunford Samuel, of the Ridgway Branch of the Library Company of Philadelphia, to whose private collection I am indebted for several poems which I have not found elsewhere. Particularly to Dr. Arthur Hobson Quinn of the University of Pennsylvania, under whose direction this thesis was written, I wish to acknowledge my obligation and to express my sincere appreciation for his guidance and advice. E. P. E. University of Pennsylvania, 15 April, 1918. “Time in its deeps swims like a monstrous whale: and like a whale, feeds on the littlest things--small tunes and little unskilled songs of the olden golden evenings--and anon turneth whale-like to overthrow whole ships.” Dunsany--“The Raft Builders.” CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD 3 CHAPTER I. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOUTHERN WAR POETRY 7 CHAPTER II. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHERN WAR POETRY 17 REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COLLECTIONS EXAMINED 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANTHOLOGIES AND CONFEDERATE IMPRINTS 51 ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR ANTHOLOGIES 56 ABBREVIATIONS USED OF COLLECTIONS 57 INDEX OF SOUTHERN WAR POEMS OF THE CIVIL WAR 58 CHAPTER I THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOUTHERN WAR POETRY