The Sovereignty of the Sea: An Historical Account of the Claims of England to the Dominion of the British Seas, and of the Evolution of the Territorial WatersFulton, Thomas Wemyss
History
The Sovereignty of the Sea: An Historical Account of the Claims of England to the Dominion of the British Seas, and of the Evolution of the Territorial Waters
Fulton, Thomas Wemyss
Fisheries -- Great Britain; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- History; Sea-power; Territorial waters -- Great Britain -- History
Cromwell, who was now settled in his new dignity, gave close attention
to the peace negotiations. On 26th December the deputies were handed
a paper in his name, in which he gave up the demand for a money
payment in reparation for the war; agreed to the stipulation about
the exclusion of the Prince of Orange--which was the corner-stone
of the treaty--being put in a secret article; agreed to some new
articles which the Dutch had proposed, after slight modifications;
and at the same time introduced a new element of trouble and debate
by formulating three additional articles requiring justice to be done
for the “murder” of the English at Amboyna in 1623, and concerning
the settlement of disputes and wrongs committed in the East Indies,
Brazil, and Greenland. Important concessions were at the same time
made on the maritime question. The article respecting the fishery was
dropped. “Concerning the fishing,” wrote the Protector, “the Lords
Deputies having by their former papers desired that freedom of fishing
in these seas might be declared in this treaty, the 17 article was
thereupon propounded, whereby license is granted to the people of the
United Provinces to fish freely in these seas upon the terms therein
expressed, notwithstanding as in their Lordships’ power either to
accept or refuse, but it cannot be admitted that anything should be
inserted in this treaty that may prejudice the right of this state in
their fishery.”[785] The Dutch thus again scored a diplomatic victory
and preserved their liberty of fishing on the British coasts, just as
they had done in the reigns of James and Charles. They did not succeed
in getting the clause in the Intercursus Magnus inserted or confirmed,
as they desired, but it still remained in force. Later writers
accused Cromwell of having surrendered the rights to the fishery,
and much else, as a _quid pro quo_ for the stipulation regarding the
exclusion of the Orange family in the Netherlands, which was his main
object;[786] but there is no doubt at all that the States-General
would never have agreed to the English proposal.
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