Produced by Adrian Mastronardi, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) THE SPANISH PIONEERS [Illustration: FRANCISCO PIZARRO.] THE SPANISH PIONEERS BY CHARLES F. LUMMIS AUTHOR OF "A NEW MEXICO DAVID," "STRANGE CORNERS OF OUR COUNTRY," ETC. Illustrated SIXTH EDITION [Illustration] CHICAGO A. C. McCLURG & CO. 1914 COPYRIGHT BY CHARLES F. LUMMIS A.D. 1893 TO ONE OF SUCH WOMEN AS MAKE HEROES AND KEEP CHIVALRY ALIVE IN OUR LESS SINGLE-HEARTED DAYS: ELIZABETH BACON CUSTER In pronouncing the Spanish names give-- _a_ the sound of ah _e_ " " ay _i_ " " ee _j_ " " h _o_ " " oh _u_ " " oo _h_ is silent _ll_ is sounded like lli in million _n_ " " ny in lanyard _hua_ " " wa in water The views presented in this book have already taken their place in historical literature, but they are certainly altogether new ground for a popular work. Because it is new, some who have not fully followed the recent march of scientific investigation may fear that it is not authentic. I can only say that the estimates and statements embodied in this volume are strictly true, and that I hold myself ready to defend them from the standpoint of historical science. I do this, not merely from the motive of personal regard toward the author, but especially in view of the merits of his work, its value for the youth of the present and of the coming generations. AD. F. BANDELIER. PREFACE. It is because I believe that every other young Saxon-American loves fair play and admires heroism as much as I do, that this book has been written. That we have not given justice to the Spanish Pioneers is simply because we have been misled. They made a record unparalleled; but our text-books have not recognized that fact, though they no longer dare dispute it. Now, thanks to the New School of American History, we are coming to the truth,--a truth which every manly American will be glad to know. In this country of free and brave men, race-prejudice, the most ignorant of all human ignorances, must die out. We must respect manhood more than nationality, and admire it for its own sake wherever found,--and it is found everywhere. The deeds that hold the world up are not of any one blood. We may be born anywhere,--that is a mere accident; but to be heroes we must grow by means which are not accidents nor provincialisms, but the birthright and glory of humanity.