The Spanish Royal TapestriesCalvert, Albert Frederick
History
The Spanish Royal Tapestries
Calvert, Albert Frederick
Tapestry -- Spain -- History; Tapestry -- Spain -- Madrid
For some time the poverty of the Spanish Crown held the industry in
check. But by 1720 a family of Spanish weavers from Antwerp, consisting
of one Jacques Van der Goten and his four sons, came over on the
invitation of Philip V and established an atelier in Madrid, where
tapestry was produced on low-warp frames. A few years later high-warp
looms were introduced from France, and the industry spread to Seville.
Some famous pieces were wrought in Spain at this time. Jacques Van der
Goten produced the _Virgin with the Pearl_ from a cartoon by Raphael,
while the famous series representing the _Conquest of Tunis_, and the
_History of Telemachus_, were reproduced by a well-known weaver called
Andrea Procaccini. Cartoons were also designed by Procaccini for a
“History of Don Quixote,” which have been constantly reproduced in
tapestry.
The fashion changed, and for a time the demand was all for Dutch
tapestries. Van der Goten set his workmen to copy the cartoons of
Solimena Teniers and the other Dutch cartoonists. But at the same time
original designs were not neglected, and by the end of the eighteenth
century the industry had become quite considerable, employing
permanently no less than fifteen workmen. The last of the Van der Goten
brothers died in 1786, and the direction of the Santa Barbara atelier
passed to a nephew.
The culmination of the prosperity of the Spanish _tapissiers_ was marked
by the execution of the celebrated Goya tapestries. These cartoons, to
the number of forty-five, were designed for the decoration of the
apartments of the Prince of Asturias in the Prado. Some of them,
however, are to be found on the walls of the Escorial, and many,
unhappily, have been lost. Goya brought to his task his own peculiar
talents. Hitherto the designers of cartoons had been content to find
their inspiration in ancient Bible stories or in the myths of Greece or
Rome. They had depicted incidents from the life of Christ and the
Virgin Mary; they had painted moralities, virtues, and vices. Goya did
none of these things. When he was summoned from Rome to Madrid by
Raphael Mengs, then the director of the workrooms of the Spanish
capital, he decided to portray in tapestry the actual life of the people
around him. In place of the stilted, conventional figures of his
predecessors he produced cartoons instinct with life and vivid movement.
The enthralling realism of the bull-fight, village fairs and festivals,
the romantic loves of Andalusian peasants, the popular excitement of
kite-flying--these were the subjects treated by this most realistic of
artists.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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