The Splash of a DropWorthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Science
The Splash of a Drop
Worthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Splashes
Let us now increase the height of fall to 17 inches. Series III.
exhibits the result. All the characteristics of the last splash are
more strongly marked. In Fig. 1 we have caught sight of the little
raised rim of the hollow before it was headed, but in Fig. 2 special
channels of easiest flow have been already determined. The number of
ribs and rays in this basket-shaped hollow seemed to vary a good deal
with different drops, as also did the number of arms and lobes seen in
later figures, in a somewhat puzzling manner, and I made no attempt to
select drawings which are in agreement in this respect. It will be
understood that these rays contain little or none of the liquid of the
drop, which remains collected together in the middle. Drops from these
rays or from the larger arms and lobes of subsequent figures are often
thrown off high into the air. In Figs. 3 and 4 the drop is clean gone
below the surface of the hollow, which is now deeper and larger than
before. The beautiful beaded annular edge then subsides, and in Fig. 5
we see the drop again, and in Fig. 6 it begins to emerge. But although
the drop has fallen from a greater height than in the previous splash,
the energy of the impact, instead of being expended in raising the same
amount of liquid to a greater height, is now spent in lifting a much
thicker adherent column to about the same height as in the last splash.
There was sometimes noticed, as seen in Fig. 9, a tendency in the water
to flow up past the milk, which, still comparatively unmixed with water,
rides triumphant on the top of the emergent column. The greater relative
thickness of this column prevents it splitting into drops, and Figs. 10
and 11 show it descending below the surface to form the hollow of Fig.
12, up the sides of which an annular film of milk is carried (Figs. 12
and 13), having been detached from the central mass, which descends to
be torn again, this time centrally into a well-marked vortex ring.
SERIES III.
_The Splash of a Drop, followed in detail by Instantaneous
Illumination._
Diameter of Drop, 1/5 inch. Height of Fall, 1 ft. 5 in.
[Illustration: 1
[Tau] = 0 sec.]
[Illustration: 2
[Tau] = .0314 sec.]
[Illustration: 3
[Tau] = .0317 sec.]
[Illustration: 4
[Tau] = .0389 sec.]
[Illustration: 5
[Tau] = .0498 sec.]
[Illustration: 6
[Tau] = .0551 sec.]
[Illustration: 7
[Tau] = .0759 sec.]
[Illustration: 8
[Tau] = .0901 sec.]
[Illustration: 9]
[Illustration: 10]
[Illustration: 11]
[Illustration: 12
[Tau] = .295 sec.]
[Illustration: 13]
[Illustration: 14]
If we keep to the same size of drop and increase the fall to something
over a yard, no great change occurs in the nature of the splash, but the
emergent column is rather higher and thinner and shows a tendency to
split into drops.
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