Bi-sected varieties of the 5c and 10c of this issue are known though, as Mr. Howes states of these varieties, they "were never authorised and seldom used". The _Philatelic Record_ for October, 1888, mentions a part of a cover with a 10c and half of a 5c side by side which were evidently used in prepayment of the 12-1/2c rate, while Mr. Howes records the existence of a pair of the 5c used with a half stamp of the same denomination to make up the 12-1/2c packet rate. The same writer records a diagonal half of the 10c used as a 5c stamp from Bowmanville, Upper Canada, on February 15th, 1860. Whether these "splits" were the work of private parties or were made by postal officials to fill a temporary shortage of certain values will probably never be known. _Reference List._ 1859-64. Engraved and Printed by the American Bank Note Co., New York, on white wove paper. Perforated 12. 10. 1c pink, Scott's No. 14. 11. 2c rose, Scott's No. 18. 12. 5c vermilion, Scott's No. 15. 13. 10c lilac, Scott's No. 16. 14. 12-1/2c green, Scott's No. 19. 15. 17c blue, Scott's No. 20. CHAPTER VII.--_The First Dominion Issue._ The steady growth of Upper Canada, chiefly due to immigration, until it had twice the population of its sister Province, Lower Canada, aroused cries for a readjusted representation, which threatened the French with a hopeless minority in Parliament and the country with another impasse. The federation of all the provinces under something like the American system was the only solution; and with, for the most part, the cordial cooeperation of the maritime provinces, the great scheme was carried through, and the new dominion launched in 1867. Each province retained its local autonomy and separate legislature under a lieutenant-governor, always a Canadian, nominated by the federal executive. To the latter was reserved all great affairs, such as defense, customs, Crown lands, Indians, and the organisation of the vast western territories then just beginning to open up. The famous Sir John Macdonald, the most illustrious of Canadian statesmen, was prominent in the federal movement, as also was Sir Charles Tupper. A final meeting was held in London, and early in 1867 the British North America Act was passed through the Imperial Parliament. The new capital was fixed at Bytown, a small town up the Ottawa well removed from the frontier, fairly central to all the provinces, and felicitously rechristened Ottawa. Here were erected the stately houses of parliament for senate, commons, and the entire government staff, familiar to all travellers, and there, too, the governor-general of all British North America took up his residence, Lord Monck being the first to hold this high office, and Sir John Macdonald the first premier.