The starry skies : $b or, First lessons on the sun, moon and starsGiberne, Agnes
General
The starry skies : $b or, First lessons on the sun, moon and stars
Giberne, Agnes
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
Of course all the stars, like all the planets, seem to travel each
night across the sky. We have explained this already, and you know
quite well now that their nightly journey from east to west is only a
seeming journey--only caused by our Earth’s spinning from west to east.
But even thus the stars are “fixed” as they go; for all move in the
same direction and at the same speed. One star does not travel here and
another there, in opposite ways. All travel the same way. Each group
of stars keeps always its own shape. Each star has its own particular
place among other stars. It is as if the whole sky moved round in one
piece.
The planets behave quite differently. A planet is seen to change its
place from day to day, from month to month, _among_ the stars. Now it
is in this group, and now it is in that group. Now it goes forward, and
now it seems to travel backward; or again it appears to stop, and then
starts off anew.
These movements of the planets are a mixture of real movements and of
seeming movements. They are partly brought about by our Earth’s own
journeying.
With the stars no such changes are seen. They remain always the same,
always fixed in the same groups. These groups are commonly called
“_Constellations_.”
The Little Bear’s tail-tip never wanders away from the Little Bear’s
body. The four chief body-stars of the Great Bear never part company.
Orion’s sword never breaks up, and his belt is always made of three
stars in a row, and his feet keep ever at the same distance from his
head. Therefore the stars are called “fixed.”
And yet they are not fixed.
So far as we can tell, every single Star in the sky, like every Planet,
has its own movement. Stars as well as worlds are on the rush. Although
we cannot actually _see_ all to be moving, we may safely say that all
do move.
It seems to us, indeed, as impossible for the stars to be at rest as it
is for the planets to be at rest.
You remember why the planets have to be always hastening along their
pathways round the Sun. If one of the worlds came to a stop it would at
once begin to fall towards the Sun, drawn by the Sun’s great pull; and
perhaps it might end by dropping into the crimson fiery sea.
And it is much the same with the stars.
Just as the Sun and planets all pull or attract one another, so
the stars all pull or attract one another. Each star draws all his
neighbor-stars and is drawn by them.
If there were nothing to meet this perpetual _pull_ of every star for
every other star, then all the stars in the universe would surely in
time rush together and become one enormous heap of Suns.
But there is something to meet and overcome this pull. The stars, too,
are in motion. Each radiant Sun, by his own swift rush through the sky,
so overcomes the pull of other stars that he can keep apart from them
as he journeys.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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