[45] “Among the Wahuma women occupy a higher position than among the negroes, and are watched carefully by their men. This makes mixed marriages difficult. The mass of the Waganda even to-day would not have remained a genuine negro tribe ‘of dark chocolate colored skin and short wool hair’ were it not that the two peoples are strictly opposed to one another as peasants and herdsmen, rulers and subjects, as despised and honored, in spite of the relations entered into among the upper classes. In this peculiar position, they represent a typical phenomenon, which is found repeated at many other points.”--Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 177. [46] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 178. [47] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 198. [48] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 476. [49] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 453. [50] Kopp, _Griechische Staatsaltertümer_, 2, _Aufl._ Berlin, 1893, p. 23. [51] Uhland, _Alte hoch und niederdeutsche Volkslieder_ I (1844), p. 339 cited by Sombart: _Der moderne Kapitalismus_, Leipzig, 1902, I, pp. 384-5. [52] Inama-Sternegg, _Deutsche Wirtsch.-Gesch._ I, Leipzig, 1879, p. 59. [53] Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, London, 1891, p. 368. [54] Cf. Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 81. [55] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 156. [56] Ratzel, l. c. I, pp. 259-60. [57] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 434. [58] I. Kulischer, l. c., p. 317, where other examples may be found. [59] Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, p. 400, which contains a number of ethnographical examples. [60] Westermarck, l. c., p. 546. [61] Cf. Ratzel, l. c. I, pp. 318, 540. [62] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 106. [63] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 335. [64] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 346. [65] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 347. [66] Buecher, _Entstehung der Volkswirtschaft_, Second Edition, Tübingen, 1898, p. 301. [67] Cf., Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 271, speaking of the islanders of the Pacific Ocean: “Intercourse from tribe to tribe is carried on by inviolable heralds, preferably old women. These act also as intermediary agents in trades.” See also page 317 for the same practises among the Australians. [68] German Translation by L. Katscher. Leipzig, 1907. [69] Ratzel, l. c. I, p. 81. [70] Ratzel, l. c. I, pp. 478-9. [71] A. Vierkandt, _Die wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse der Naturvölker. Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft_, II, pp. 177-8. [72] Kulischer, l. c. pp. 320-1. [73] Lippert, l. c. I, p. 266, _et seq._ [74] Cf. Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_. [75] Ratzel, l. c. II, p. 27. [76] Herodotus IV, 23, cited by Lippert, l. c. I, p. 459. [77] Lippert, l. c. II, p. 170. [78] Mommsen, l. c. I, p. 139.