Papin's projected Applications of the Steam Engine 178 Savery's Application of the Engine to move Machinery 180 Jonathan Hull's Application to Water Wheels 180 Champion of Bristol applies the Atmospheric Engine to raise Water 181 Stewart's Application of the Engine to Mill-work 182 Wasbrough's Application of the Fly-wheel and Crank 183 Reasons why Watt's single-acting Steam Engine was not adapted to produce continuous uniform Motion of Rotation 184 Watt's Second Patent 186 Sun-and-Planet Wheels 187 Valves of double-acting Engine 189 CHAP. VIII. DOUBLE-ACTING ENGINE. Methods of connecting the Piston-rod and Beam in the double-acting Engine 193 Rack and Sector 194 Parallel Motion 195 Connection of Piston-rod and Beam 195 Connecting Rod and Crank 203 Fly-wheel 205 Throttle-valve 207 Governor 209 Construction and Operation of the double-acting Engine 216 Eccentric 225 Cocks and Valves 227 Single-clack Valves 227 Double-clack Valves 228 Conical Valves 228 Slide Valves 229 Murray's Slides 229 D Valves 230 Seaward's Slides 235 Single Cock 238 Two-way Cock 239 Four-way Cock 239 Pistons 242 Common hemp-packed Piston 242 Woolf's Piston 243 Metallic Pistons 244 Cartwright's Engine 245 Cartwright's Piston 247 Barton's Piston 248 CHAP. IX. BOILERS AND FURNACES. Analysis of Coal 252 Process of Combustion 253 Heat evolved in it 254 Form and Structure of Boiler 255 Waggon Boiler 255 Furnace 256