If Epicurus and his followers underrated logic, to natural science they
attached a considerable value. This value was, however, exclusively
derived from a sense of the practical advantages which a knowledge of
nature confers in opposing superstition. Without such an object the
study of nature would have seemed wholly superfluous. [1149] Such being
their attitude of mind, the Epicureans were, as might have been
expected, indifferent about giving a complete and accurate explanation
of phenomena. Their one aim was to put forward such a view of nature as
would do away with the necessity for supernatural intervention, without
at the same time pretending to offer a sufficient solution of the
problems raised by science. [1150] Whilst, therefore, he devoted
considerable attention to natural science, [1151] Epicurus does not
seem to have considered certainty to be of importance, or even to be
possible, in dealing with details of scientific study. Of the general
causes of things we can and ought to entertain a firm conviction, since
the possibility of overcoming religious prejudices and the fears
occasioned by them depends on these convictions. No such result,
however, follows from the investigation of details, which, on the
contrary, only tends to confirm prejudices in those who are not already
emancipated from them. In dealing with details, therefore, it is enough
for Epicurus to show that various natural causes for phenomena may be
imagined, and to offer various suggestions which dispense with the
intervention of the Gods and the myths of a belief in Providence.
[1152] To say that any one of these suggestions is the only possible
one, is in most cases to exceed the bounds of experience and human
knowledge, and to go back to the capricious explanations of mythology.
[1153] Possibly the world may move, and possibly it may be at rest.
Possibly it may be round, or else it may be triangular, or have any
other shape. Possibly the sun and the stars may be extinguished at
setting, and be lighted afresh at rising. It is, however, equally
possible that they may only disappear under the earth and reappear
again, or that their rising and setting may be due to yet other causes.
Possibly the waxing and waning of the moon may be caused by the moon’s
revolving; or it may be due to an atmospheric change, or to an actual
increase and decrease in the moon’s size, or to some other cause.
Possibly the moon may shine with borrowed light, or it may shine with
its own, experience supplying us with instances of bodies which give
their own light, and of those which have their light borrowed. [1154]
From these and such-like statements it appears that questions of
natural science in themselves have no value for Epicurus. Whilst
granting that only one natural explanation of phenomena is generally
possible, yet in any particular case he is perfectly indifferent which
explanation is adopted.
[(2) Mechanical explanation of nature.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account