Thus, if knowledge of things proves to be a failure, there only remains
as possible an attitude of pure Scepticism; and therein is contained
the answer to the second question. We know nothing whatever of the real
nature of things, and hence can neither believe nor assert anything as
to their nature. We cannot say of anything that it is or is not; but we
must abstain from every opinion, allowing that of all which appears to
us to be true, the opposite may with equal justice be true. [1407]
Accordingly, all our statements (as the Cyrenaics taught) only express
individual opinions, and not absolute realities. We cannot deny that
things appear to be of this or the other kind; but we can never say
that they are so. [1408] Even the assertion that things are of this or
the other kind is not an assertion, but a confession by the individual
of his state of mind. [1409] Hence, too, the universal rule of
indecision cannot be taken as an established principle, but only as a
confession, and, therefore, as only problematical. [1410] It must,
however, remain a matter of doubt how far the captious turns of
expression by which the Sceptics thought to parry the attacks of their
opponents come from Pyrrho’s School. The greater part, it is clear,
came into use in the struggle with the Dogmatists, and are not older
than the development of the Stoic theory of knowledge by Chrysippus,
and the criticism of Carneades to which it gave rise. In this
despairing of anything like certain conviction consists ἀφασία,
ἀκαταληψία, or ἐποχὴ, the withholding of judgment or state of
indecision which Pyrrho and Timon regard as the only true attitude in
speculation, [1411] and from which the whole School derived its
distinctive name. [1412]
[(3) Mental imperturbability.]
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