neither robust health nor an attractive person. [18] A slight injury having at length befallen him, which he regarded as a hint of destiny, he put an end to his own life. [19] His not very numerous writings [20] have been lost, with the exception of a few fragments, some no doubt dating from the time when, as a pupil of Crates, he adhered more strictly to Cynic ideas than was afterwards the case. [21] This point ought not to be forgotten in sketching his teaching. [B. Pupils of Zeno.] [(1) Cleanthes.] The successor to the chair of Zeno was Cleanthes, [22] a native of Assos in the Troad, [23] a man of strong and firm character, of unusual endurance, energy, and contentment, but also slow of apprehension, and somewhat heavy in intellect. Resembling Xenocrates in mind, Cleanthes was in every way adapted to uphold his master’s teaching, and to recommend it by the moral weight of his own character, but he was incapable of expanding it more completely, or of establishing it on a wider basis. [24] [(2) Aristo and Herillus.] Besides Cleanthes, the best known among the pupils of Zeno are Aristo of Chios, [25] and Herillus of Carthage, [26] who diverged from his teaching in the most opposite directions, Aristo confining himself rigidly to Cynicism, Herillus approximating to the leading positions held by the Peripatetic School. [(3) Other pupils.] Other pupils of Zeno were Persæus, a countryman and companion of Zeno; [27] Aratus, the well-known poet of Soli; [28] Dionysius of Heraclea in Pontus, who afterwards joined the Cyrenaic or Epicurean School; [29] and Sphærus from the Bosporus, who studied first in the School of Zeno, and afterwards in that of Cleanthes, and was the friend and adviser of Cleomenes, the unfortunate Spartan reformer. [30] Of a few other pupils of Zeno the names are also known; [31] but nothing beyond their names. No appreciable addition was made to the Stoic doctrine by any one of them. [C. Chrysippus and the later Stoics.] [(1) Chrysippus.]