A. The Highest Good 225 1. Nature of the Highest Good 225 2. The Good and Evil 230 3. Pleasure and the Good 235 4. Negative character of Happiness 239 5. The Highest Good as Law 240 B. Emotions and Virtue 243 1. The Emotions—their nature—varieties of 243 2. Idea of Virtue—positive and negative aspects of—the virtues severally—their mutual relations—unity of virtue 254 C. The Wise Man 268 1. Wisdom and Folly 268 2. Universal Depravity 272 3. Conversion 275 CHAPTER XI. ETHICS: 2. THE STOIC THEORY OF MORALS AS MODIFIED IN PRACTICE. A. Things to be preferred and eschewed 278 1. Secondary goods 280 2. Classes of things indifferent 281 3. Collision of modified and abstract theory 284 B. Perfect and intermediate duties 287 C. Emotions 290 1. Permitted affections 290 2. Modification of apathy 292 3. The state of progress 293 CHAPTER XII. ETHICS: 3. APPLIED MORAL SCIENCE. A. The Individual 301 1. Importance attaching to the individual 301 2. Cynicism of the Stoics 305 B. Social Relations 311 1. Origin and use of society 311 2. Justice and mercy 315 3. Friendship 317 4. The family and civil life—aversion to political life—citizenship of the world 320 C. Man and the Course of the World 332 1. Submission to the course of nature 332 2. Suicide 335 CHAPTER XIII. THE RELATION OF THE STOICS TO RELIGION.