THE STONE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA [Illustration: _Colored plate of fine chipped implements. Materials: jasper, carnelian, agate, obsidian, and chalcedony. These were collected in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, and are selected as indicative of aboriginal American art in flint-chipping. B. W. Arnold’s collection, Albany, New York._ ] THE STONE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE IMPLEMENTS, ORNAMENTS, WEAPONS, UTENSILS, ETC., OF THE PREHISTORIC TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICA, WITH MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED FULL-PAGE PLATES AND FOUR HUNDRED FIGURES ILLUSTRATING OVER FOUR THOUSAND DIFFERENT OBJECTS BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD, A.M. CURATOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN ARCHÆOLOGY, PHILLIPS ACADEMY, MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, ETC. IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I [Illustration: [Logo]] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY =The Riverside Press Cambridge= 1910 COPYRIGHT, 1910, BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED _Published December 1910_ PREFACE Before one enters fully upon a discussion of ancient man’s handiwork, some introductory explanation is necessary. This work is the result of twenty-five years’ study of primitive man’s prehistoric implements, weapons, and utensils found in America. During the past ten years I have presented several attempts at classification of these various objects, two of them being in book form. But my publications were incomplete and unsatisfactory, although in a sense they prepared the way for “THE STONE AGE.” A classification of stone, bone, shell, clay, and copper implements in the United States is a difficult and tedious task in itself. There were different cultures, some of which are known, others but slightly known, and it is quite likely that, as time passes, implements will be discovered in such numbers as to justify the establishing of new types. Therefore my work cannot be complete, although I have endeavored to include in it all type-specimens brought to my notice. The work has necessitated an extensive correspondence with museums, scientific men, and private collectors throughout the United States, much travel, and the reading of thousands of pages of reports, books, and articles. It is probable that some of the statements will be challenged, and if in any of the conclusions I am in error, I court correction. All these observations are based on the study of actual specimens or photographs of them, on field-work, on published material, and on museum specimens.