The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
History
The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2
Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Stone age -- North America
We cross the Alleghenies, passing through West Virginia into Ohio, where
quartz has disappeared (save an occasional stray), and we find yellow
and brown chert along the Ohio River, where Eastern and Southern tribes
often traveled. Rude implements are more numerous along the Ohio River,
on both sides, than in the interior in the states bordering that stream.
(See Fig. 50.) But the presence of Flint Ridge enabled the natives to
employ as fine material for their implements as is to be found in
America. The rude types of the East and the South, save as stated above,
have disappeared and the beautiful handiwork of the most skillful
manipulators of flint and chalcedony are to be found everywhere. (See
Figs. 101, 115, 116, 129, and 200.)
On crossing the Ohio River and passing through Kentucky and Tennessee,
one encounters yet another section wherein the implements may be
separated from those of elsewhere. Less quarry flint is in use, and more
of nodular flint, both brown and gray, black and blue, was made use of
by the prehistoric tribes. (See Figs. 74, 137, and 179.) In this region
large problematical forms, commonly called “swords” and “daggers,” also
flint effigies and remarkable leaf-shaped implements, slightly notched,
are to be found. (See Figs. 159, 160, and 161, 162.) A few of the latter
have strayed into Ohio, Wisconsin, and Michigan, but they are, as a
rule, Tennessee-Kentucky types. Such forms are no more a resemblance to
New England types than is the leaf of the pawpaw tree like that of the
maple.
South of Tennessee the chipped implements of Georgia, Louisiana (see
Figs. 59, 87, 112, and 140), Arkansas, and western Mississippi are
jasper, yellow chert, quartz, and peculiar milk-colored quartzite, often
variegated with blood-red veins; also ferruginous chert. Most of these
types are small. East, along the Gulf, in Florida and South Carolina,
the implements are ruder, of larger size, and usually of a rough chert.
The finer spears and knives are made of a beautiful translucent yellow
flint. Where this is found I am unable to state. Stone of suitable kind
is rare in Florida. The Florida, the lower Mississippi, and Tennessee
regions are separate and distinct as to their chipped implements. Of
course, there are duplications of types, as in any section of the
country, but speaking broadly each section is to be differentiated from
the others, and any man who maintains the contrary has not studied the
subject in all its details, which, by the way, are multitudinous.
In the far North, in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan (see Figs. 72,
96, and 131), there is a quarry of peculiar granulated quartzite
commonly known as “sugar quartz,” of which many implements are made.
There is also a beautiful milk-colored variation of quartzite. The
implements are of all sizes and types, the spear-heads being broad and
of delicate finish.
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