The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
History
The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2
Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Stone age -- North America
Mr. Charles E. Brown, chief of the Wisconsin Historical Society Museum,
says of the types in the Superior-Michigan country:—
“The flint implements of this region embrace nearly all of the numerous
forms common to the Ohio Valley and the Upper Mississippi Valley States.
In beauty of material and workmanship they are the equal of any produced
elsewhere. Many thousands of arrow- and spear-points, knives,
perforators, and scrapers have been collected from the fields, workshop-
and village-sites of the state. A small number of hammer-stones, saws,
spades, hoes, celts, and objects of unknown use have also been obtained.
Flint blanks, discs, and unfinished, broken, and rejected articles may
be collected from every local workshop-site. Caches or hoards of blanks,
or of finished implements, or of a mixture of both, have been unearthed
in many localities. These contain from a few to several hundred
specimens. They have been recovered from peat-bogs, the margins of
springs, the banks of streams and lakes, beneath the roots of trees,
beneath rocks, and in other places. Large numbers of flint implements
have occasionally been found with burials in mounds or graves.
“Chert of a suitable quality occurs in many localities in Wisconsin in
strata or in nodules and also in the glacial drift. Of this local
material the greater number of our flint implements are manufactured.
Quartzite is quite widely distributed in Wisconsin, and this stone was
also much utilized in implement making. It occurs in a variety of
beautiful colors, from white to bluish or greenish gray, and from light
brown through various shades of brown to a rich orange, and from a flesh
color to a bright carmine. Implements made of light brownish quartzite
are the most common and most widely distributed. Like other stone
implements, Wisconsin quartzites present all grades of workmanship and
finish. The majority are of ordinary workmanship, while others are
finely or beautifully chipped. What agate and obsidian artifacts are to
the West, quartzites are to Wisconsin. Quartzite quarries of small
extent have been found at several points in the state. Mr. William H.
Ellsworth of Milwaukee is the owner of an especially choice collection
of quartzite implements.
“In the Fox River Valley are obtained numbers of arrow-points and other
implements made of the rhyolite which occurs there. Implements made of
quartz are found in the same region and in smaller numbers elsewhere.
Implements made of chalcedony, agate, jasper, slate, sandstone,
limestone, and other stone are also found in Wisconsin.
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