The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
History
The stone age in North America, vol. 1 of 2
Moorehead, Warren K. (Warren King)
Indians of North America -- Antiquities; Stone age -- North America
FIG. 387. (S. 1–4.) This series of fourteen circular stones, with
depressed centres, and most of them perforated, is from the Andover
collection. They represent the smaller bicave or discoidal stones.
All of them are fine and interesting specimens. Materials:
sandstone, clay, and granite. Localities: Kentucky, Tennessee,
Indiana, and Ohio.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 388. (S. 1–4.) Discoidal stones from Kentucky; valley of the
Cumberland River. The central one is of slate. B. H. Young’s
collection, Louisville, Kentucky.
]
Discoidals may be common, circular discs with flat polished sides, or
circular with concave sides and perforated through the centre, or with
the centre rimmed out, as certain specimens in Fig. 387. In this figure
all are bicaves save three. That all of these small ones were used in
playing chunky games I do not believe. They may have served as
gaming-stones in other events. Some of the ruder ones, of the small
stones I mean, may have been spindle-whorls.
[Illustration:
FIG. 389. (S. 1–3.) Phillips Academy collection. Locality: Tennessee.
Material: quartz and quartzite.
]
Fig. 389 shows four beautiful specimens from Tennessee, Andover
collection. These are not merely depressed in the centre, but have a
high, fluted rim, the centre being cut out, and the surfaces on the
inside of the rim either sloping toward a second depression in the
centre, or made flat. All are highly polished, and of Tennessee marble
or quartz. The colors vary from rich brown to spotted, with yellow
predominating. Fig. 388, from Colonel Young’s magnificent collection,
illustrates nine bicaves of various sizes and materials—the black slate
one in the centre, flanked by those of beautifully mottled quartz on
either side, and one of pure white quartz to the right of the centre.
Fig. 391 is a remarkable object with a slightly depressed top, and with
the central depression plainly marked. Around this central depression is
a rim.
In the “Handbook of American Indians,” page 391, Mr. Fowke has described
the bicaves, and his description I here quote, as it is the best
published up to this time:—
[Illustration:
FIG. 390. (S. 1–2.) Barrel-shaped bicave. Hard, light-colored
material. B. H. Young’s collection, Louisville, Kentucky.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 391. (S. 1–2.) Quartzite bicave found on sandy bank of Hightower
River, Cherokee County, Georgia. Weight, 37 ounces. Translucent
between the depressions. Pink by reflected light and pink by
transmitted light. It has a perfect secondary depression, and is
highly polished and perfect. H. M. Whelpley’s collection, St. Louis,
Missouri.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 392. (_S. 1–4._)
_Various types of bicaves, etc. Localities: Missouri, Illinois,
Tennessee. F. P. Graves’s collection. Doe Run, Missouri._
]
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