Mr. Lewis, who lived within two miles of the lake, procured half of the objects thus discovered. Many of them are shown in Fig. 383. Another collector has secured four hundred. In the summer the lagoon was dry or nearly so. There was neither inlet nor outlet and no fish lived in its waters. Therefore the stones were not made use of as sinkers. [Illustration: FIG. 512. (S. 1–10.) From the collection of H. K. Deisher, Kutztown, Pennsylvania. ] [Illustration: FIG. 513. (S. 1–4.) Long effigy pestle. Butler farm, northwest part of Turkey Hill, Ipswich. From the collection of Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts. ] “When I came here in the early fifties, there used large numbers of Indians go by my ranch in the fall, down to the creek to catch sturgeon and dry them, and they always went back by the way of the lagoon and stayed a day or two and had some kind of a pow-wow. After the lagoon was drained, they never came back.” Mr. Lewis, on arrival in California, heard that a numerous tribe living near Petaluma was practically exterminated by some contagious disease. He believed that the Indians returning annually to hold ceremonies at the lagoon belonged to this tribe. [Illustration: FIG. 514. (S. 1–4.) From the collection of Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin. ] [Illustration: FIG. 515. (S. 1–6.) From the collection of W. A. Holmes, Chicago, Illinois. ] It is interesting to note that during the years of Mr. Lewis’s observations he found that the mortars with straight sides and flat bottoms occurred near Sonoma Mountain, where boulders of basalt are common. But in the sandy hills west of Petaluma pointed or urn-shaped mortars, such as are shown on the top shelf of Fig. 511, are found in some numbers. It is clear, he states, that the various types of mortars were confined to certain regions. He knew of only two mortars found in Indian graves. In one instance, where a mortar was buried with an Indian, the skull was pierced by a flint point. Near Santa Rosa, twenty miles from his home, a large spring was cleaned out, and in it were found numerous objects of stone. Mr. Lewis states that he never found a mortar and pestle placed together. They were usually found separate. While the plummets and so-called sinkers are found scattered throughout this region, yet nine tenths of his collection came from the lagoon previously mentioned. Not only has he found mortars upon the surface, but specimens have been dug up from a depth of twelve feet in the ground. The cavities may be large or small, independent of size of mortar. Of his entire collection of two hundred and fifty mortars he states that seventy-five had holes in the bottom, seventy-five were more or less broken, fifty were considered fair specimens, and about fifty were perfect. The late Mr. Horatio N. Rust, an observer of much experience in California archæology, described an interesting cache of stone bowls some years ago.[18] I quote his article:—