Spirals, architectural value of, i. 222, ii. 16. Spurs of bases, i. 79. Staircases, i. 208; of Gothic palaces, ii. 280. Stucco, when admissible, iii. 21. Subordination of ornament, i. 240. Superimposition of buildings, i. 200; ii. 386. Surface-Gothic, explanation of term, ii. 225, 227. Symbolism, i. 417; how opposed to personification, ii. 322. System, pride of, how hurtful, iii. 95, 99. T Temperance, how symbolized, ii. 338; temperance in color and curvature, iii. 420. Theology, opposed to religion, iii. 216; of Spencer, iii. 205. Thirteenth century, its high position with respect to art, ii. 263. Thought, opposed to sight, iii. 39. Tombs at Verona, i. 142, 412; at Venice, ii. 69; early Christian, iii. 67; Gothic, iii. 71; Renaissance treatment of, iii. 84. Towers, proper character of, i. 204; of St. Mark's, i 207. Traceries, structure of, i. 184, 185; flamboyant, i. 189; stump, i. 189; English perpendicular, i 190, ii. 222; general character of, ii. 220; strength of, in Venetian Gothic, ii. 234, iii. 253; general forms of tracery bars, iii. 250. Treason, how detested by Dante, ii. 327. Trees, use of, in ornamentation, i. 231. Trefoil, use of, in ornamentation, ii. 42. Triangles, used for ornaments at Murano, ii. 43. Tribune at Torcello, ii. 24. Triglyphs, ugliness of, i, 43. Trunkmakers, their share in recovery of Brides of Venice, iii. 117, 118. Truth, relation of, to religion, in Spenser's "Faërie Queen," iii, 205; typified by stones, iii. 31. Tympanum, decoration of, i. 299. U Unity of Venetian nobility, i. 10. V Vain glory, speedy punishment of, iii. 122. Vanity, how symbolized, ii. 346. Variety in ornamental design, importance of, ii. 43, 133, 142, 172. Vegetation, use of, in ornamentation, i. 232; peculiar meaning of, in Gothic, ii. 199; how connected with cusps, ii. 219. Veil (wall veil), construction of, i. 58; decoration of, i. 294. Vine, Lombardic sculpture of, i. 375; at Torcello, ii. 15; use of, in ornamentation, ii. 141; in symbolism, ii. 143; sculpture of, on Ducal Palace, ii. 308. Virtues, how symbolized in sepulchral monuments, iii. 82, 86; systems of, in Pagan and Christian philosophy, ii. 312; cardinal, ii. 317, 318, 320; of architecture, i. 36, 44. Voussoirs defined, i. 125; contest between them and architraves, i. 336. W