callings show the advance made by the men of Coventry since the time when a handful of villeins and bondsmen tilled the lands that had been Godiva's at the taking of the Domesday Survey. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 72: For a list of the manorial services required of villein tenants see Maitland, _Select Pleas in Manorial Courts_ (Selden Soc., i.), 102-4.] [Footnote 73: Green, _Town Life_, i. 197-8] [Footnote 74: Green, _op. cit._, i. 199. The Preston men bargained that they should not be required to follow their lord on a warlike expedition lasting more than one day (_Ibid._).] [Footnote 75: For Henry II.'s charter to Lincoln see Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 166.] [Footnote 76: See Gross, _Gild Merchant_, i. 244-257; Bateson, "Laws of Breteuil," _Eng. Hist. Rev._, xvi.; Tait, _Mediæval Manchester_, 43-4.] [Footnote 77: Nottingham and Winchester received a grant of particular customs after the pattern of Coventry. London was taken as a model by Norwich. See Hudson, _Rec. Norwich_, i. 12.] [Footnote 78: Dugdale assigns this charter to Blondvil, and I see no reason to differ. If Blondvil were the grantor, then the date would lie between the years 1181, that of Earl Hugh's death, and 1189, the date of the death of Henry II., who confirmed it. I am inclined to think that the charter should be assigned to 1181-2, in which year the men of Coventry paid 20 marks to the king.] [Footnote 79: Corp. MS. B. 2. The charter is dated "apud Merlebergam" = Marlborough. This charter was first printed by the late Mary Bateson in "Laws of Breteuil," _Eng. Hist. Rev._, xvi. 98-9.] [Footnote 80: The townsfolk had not yet power to commute the fines and forfeitures for a fixed sum, called fee-ferm.] [Footnote 81: For the association of the feudal lord's representative and the chosen official of the townsfolk in a town court see the case of Totnes (Green, _Town Life_, i. 252).] [Footnote 82: We infer from analogy that presentments were made by a jury in this court. Norwich was--for judicial purposes--divided into four leets. Each leet was divided into sub-leets, these latter divisions being composed of as many parishes as would furnish twelve tithings. The head-man, or "capital pledge" of every tithing--a band of ten, twelve, or more citizens responsible for one another--made the presentment of anything, which had happened in his tithing, which came under the cognizance of the court. See Hudson, _Leet Jurisdiction in Norwich_ (Selden Soc., vol. v.), xii.-xxvi.] [Footnote 83: It is not clear whether the townsfolk at this period attended the earl's leet or the sheriff's court. They certainly attended the latter court in the time of Edward III. (Madox, _Firma Burgi_, 108-9).] [Footnote 84: _i.e._ has to be amerced, or fined.] [Footnote 85: _i.e._ appear with five of her neighbours, who swear that she is not guilty. This method of clearing the character by oath of the neighbours was called compurgation.]