The Story of Dutch PaintingCaffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
History
The Story of Dutch Painting
Caffin, Charles H. (Charles Henry)
Painting, Dutch
the Delft School it is to think almost exclusively of its greatest
artist, Jan Vermeer of Delft.
In connection with The Hague it is more correct to speak of a group than
of a school. Among the artists in our list the only one born actually in
this city was Ravesteyn, although it is true that Schalcken’s native
place was a village in the vicinity. But the same reason that made the
former constant to the seat of government attracted thither other
artists. The Hague was also a center of society and fashion. Mierevelt
found there a market for his portraits, Van Goyen for his landscapes,
and Netscher, Schalcken, and De Hooch for genre pictures. The last named
spent some years there, but retired to Amsterdam. The rest continued
working at The Hague until their deaths. Among them Van Goyen is easily
the most distinguished. The rest are rather symptomatic of the
atmosphere of their surroundings. The portraits by Mierevelt and
Ravesteyn have the perfunctoriness of official and society products,
eminently dignified and _comme il faut_, irresistibly uninteresting,
while the genre of Netscher and Schalcken is petty and frivolous by
comparison with that of the older and greater painters, and Netscher’s
portraits are frequently insipid as to character and over-occupied with
the niceties of millinery.
Of Dordrecht or Dort our list contains only one name, that of Aelbert
Cuyp, whose versatile genius embraced portraiture, landscape and animal
painting, genre, still-life, church interiors, and marines. We may add
one other name, that of Hoogstraten, not, however, so much on account of
his art as because he was the George Vasari of his day, the historian
and story-monger of the painters of Holland in the seventeenth century.
It remains to summarize the School of Amsterdam. As may have been
gathered from the foregoing, it was rather an aggregate of artists,
drawn thither by two causes: the wealth of the commercial capital and
the fame and influence of Rembrandt. The latter, as we have seen, moved
finally from his native city, Leyden, to Amsterdam in 1631, when he was
in his twenty-fifth year. Two years later he painted _The Lesson in
Anatomy_, and pupils began to flock to him; among the most notable being
Ferdinand Bol, Govert Flinck, Eeckhout, Metsu, Nicolaes Maes, Fabritius,
and De Hooch. On the other hand, among those whom the importance of the
city attracted were several from the neighboring School of Haarlem; the
portrait-painter Van der Helst, for example, and the landscape-painters
Berchem, Jan Wynants, Everdingen, and Jacob Ruisdael; while from Utrecht
came the still-life painters Hondecoeter and Weenix, and from Delft Van
Aelst.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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