The Story of EclipsesChambers, George F. (George Frederick)
History
The Story of Eclipses
Chambers, George F. (George Frederick)
Eclipses
that the Moon passes through a Node twice in every lunar month of 27
days, and the Sun passes (apparently) through a Node twice in every
year. The first ultimate result of these facts is that eclipses can only
take place at or near the nodal passages of the Moon and the Sun, and
that as the Sun’s nodal passages are separated by six months in every
case the average interval between each set of eclipses, if there is more
than one, must in all cases be six months, more or less by a few days,
dependent upon the latitude and longitude of the Moon at or about the
time of its Conjunction or Opposition under the circumstances already
detailed. If the logic of this commends itself to the reader’s mind, he
will see at once why eclipses or groups of eclipses must be separated by
intervals of about half an ordinary year. Hence it comes about that,
taking one year with another, it may be said that we shall always have a
couple of principal eclipses with an interval of half a year (say 183
days) between each; and that on either side of these dominant eclipses
there will, or may be, a fortnight before or a fortnight after, two
other pairs of eclipses with, in occasional years, one extra thrown in.
It is in this way that we obtain what it has already been said
dogmatically that we do obtain; namely, always in one year two eclipses,
which must be both of the Sun, or any number of eclipses up to seven,
which number will be unequally allotted to the Sun or to the Moon
according to circumstances.
Though it is roughly correct to say that the two eclipse seasons of
every year run to about a month each, in length, yet it may be desirable
to be a little more precise, and to say that the limits of time for
solar eclipses cover 36 days (namely 18 days before and 18 days after
the Sun’s nodal passages); whilst in the case of the Moon, the limits
are the lesser interval of 23 days, being 11½ on either side of the
Moon’s nodal passages.
We have already seen[10] that the Moon’s nodes are perpetually
undergoing a change of place. Were it not so, eclipses of the Sun and
Moon would always happen year after year in the same pair of months for
us on the Earth. But the operative effect of the shifting of the nodes
is to displace backwards the eclipse seasons by about 20 days. For
instance in 1899 the eclipse seasons fall in June and December. The
middle of the eclipse seasons for the next succeeding 20 or 30 years
will be found by taking the dates of June 8 and December 2, 1899, and
working the months backwards by the amount of 19⅔ days for each
succeeding year. Thus the eclipse seasons in 1900 will fall in the
months of May and November; accordingly amongst the eclipses of that
year we shall find eclipses on May 28, June 13, and November 22.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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