On Aug. 30, 1030, there happened an eclipse visible in Norway, which has already been alluded to on a previous page under the name of the “eclipse of Stiklastad.” This was one of those eclipses, the circumstances of which were examined many years ago in detail by Sir G. B. Airy,[77] because he thought that information of value might be obtained therefrom with respect to the motions of the Moon. Its availability for that purpose has, however, been seriously questioned by Professor Newcomb. Stiklastad is a place where a battle was fought, at which Olav, King of Norway, is said to have been killed. While the battle was in progress the Sun was totally eclipsed, and a red light appeared around it. This is regarded as an early record of the Corona, though not the first.[78] Johnston found that the eclipse was nearly total at about 2h. 21m. p.m. In 1033 there happened on June 29 an eclipse of the Sun, which evidently had many observers, because it is mentioned by many contemporary writers. For instance, the French historian, Glaber,[79] says that “on the 3rd of the Calends of July there was an eclipse from the sixth to the eighth hour of the day exceedingly terrible. For the Sun became of a sapphire colour; in its upper part having the likeness of a fourth part of the Moon.” This sufficiently harmonises with Johnston’s calculations that about four-fifths of the Sun on the lower side was covered at 10h. 50m. in the morning. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 61: _Hist. Rome_, Book lv., chap. 22.] [Footnote 62: Letter in the _Times_, July 19, 1872.] [Footnote 63: _Hist. Rome_, Book lx., chap. 26.] [Footnote 64: _Life of Apollonius of Tyana_, Book viii., c. 23.] [Footnote 65: Plut. _Opera Mor. et Phil._, vol. xix. p. 682 Ed. Lipsiæ, 1778.] [Footnote 66: _Ast. Nach_, No. 1838, vol. lxxvii. p. 223: March 31, 1871.] [Footnote 67: _Matheseos_, Lib. i., cap. 2, p. 5, Basileæ. 1533.] [Footnote 68: _Historiæ_, Lib. xx., cap. 3, sec. 1.] [Footnote 69: _Epitome Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ_, Lib. xii., cap. 8.] [Footnote 70: _Historia Francorum_, Lib. ii., cap. 3 (_ad fin._).] [Footnote 71: Mrs. D. P. Todd, _Total Eclipses of the Sun_, p. 101.] [Footnote 72: _The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, vol. ii. p. 14. Ed. B. Thorpe, 1861.] [Footnote 73: Prof. S. Ockley, _History of the Saracens_, vol ii. p. 110. Camb. 1757.] [Footnote 74: It should be stated that prior to the publication of the work in a book form the greater part of the eclipse observations had been published in the _Mémoires de l’Institut National des Sciences et Arts: Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques_, tome ii.] [Footnote 75: Letter in the _Times_, July 19, 1872.] [Footnote 76: J. F. J. Schmidt, _Ast. Nach._, vol. lxxvii. p. 127, Feb. 1, 1871.] [Footnote 77: _Memoirs_, R.A.S., vol. xxvi. p. 131, 1858.] [Footnote 78: J. L. E. Dreyer, _Nature_, vol. xvi. p. 549, Oct. 25, 1877.]