The truth often lies between conflicting theories, or they may apply to
different cases. It is not improbable that this will be our experience
in regard to the nature of the initial nebula. The gaseous nebulae,
and the formation of such nebulae from disrupted stars, are facts
that cannot be ignored. The nebulae with a continuous spectrum, and
therefore--in part, at least--in a liquid or solid condition, may very
well be regarded as a more advanced stage of condensation of the same;
their spiral shape and conspicuous nuclei are consistent with this.
Moreover, a condensing swarm of meteors would, owing to the heat
evolved, tend to pass into a gaseous condition. On the tether hand, a
huge expanse of gas stretched over billions of miles of space would be
a net for the wandering particles, meteors, and comets that roam
through space. If it be true, as is calculated, that our 24,000 miles
of atmosphere capture a hundred million meteors a day, what would the
millions or billions of times larger net of a nebula catch, even if the
gas is so much thinner? In other words, it is not wise to draw too fine
a line between a gaseous nebula and one consisting of solid particles
with gas.
The more important question is: How do astronomers conceive the
condensation of this mixed mass of cosmic dust? It is easy to reply that
gravitation, or the pressure of the surrounding ether, slowly drives the
particles centre-ward, and compresses the dust into globes, as the boy
squeezes the flocculent snow into balls; and it is not difficult for the
mathematician to show that this condensation would account for the
shape and temperature of the stars. But we must go a little beyond this
superficial statement, and see, to some extent, how the deeper students
work out the process. [*]
* See, especially, Dr. P. Lowell, "The Evolution of Worlds"
(1909). Professor S. Arrhenius, "Worlds in the Making"
(1908), Sir N. Lockyer, "The Meteorite Hypothesis" (1890),
Sir R. Ball, "The Earth's Beginning" (1909), Professor
Moulton, "The Astrophysical Journal (October, 1905), and
Chamberlin and Salisbury, "Geology," Vol. II. (1903).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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