Other works in which he was consulted, and in which his engineering
ability was signally manifested, may here be mentioned: the drainage
of the lands adjacent to the river Went, in Yorkshire; of the Earl of
Kinnoul's lands lying along the Almond and the Tay, in Perthshire;
the Adling Fleet Level, at the junction of the Ouse and the Trent;
Hotham Carrs, near Market-Weighton; the Lewes Laughton Level, in
Sussex; the Potterick Carr Fen, near Doncaster; the Torksey Bridge
Fen, near Gainsborough; and the Holderness Level, near Hull.
[Sidenote: Old London Bridge.]
In 1763, he was called upon by the Corporation of London to advise
them as to the best means of improving, widening, and enlarging Old
London Bridge. In order to accommodate the increased traffic on the
river, two arches of the bridge had been thrown into one, but with
the effect of so augmenting the rush of the water as to loosen the
adjoining piers, by washing away the bed of the river under their
foundations. The alarm was so great that few persons would pass
either over or under the bridge; and the Corporation hastily summoned
Smeaton, who was then in Yorkshire, to their assistance. On his
arrival, he proceeded immediately to examine the bridge, and to sound
about the foundations of the piers as minutely as possible. He then
advised the Corporation to repurchase the stones of the city gates,
which had recently been taken down and their material sold, and cast
them into the river outside the startings, or buttresses of the
piers, to protect them from the action of the tide. His advice was
adopted; and simple as were the means suggested, they proved entirely
efficacious.
[Sidenote: Works on the Calder.]
This method of checking the impetuous ravages of water, says Holmes,
he had practised before with success on the river Calder. "On my
calling on him in the neighbourhood of Wakefield, he showed me the
effects of a great flood, which had made a considerable passage over
the land; this he stopped at the bank of the river, by throwing in a
quantity of large, rough stones, which, with the sand and other
materials washed down by the river, filling up their interstices, had
become a barrier to keep the river in its usual course."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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