Bishop Stubbs, in his Introduction to the Chronicle of Roger de Hoveden, after referring to the negotiations between Longchamp and John, and describing the hastening of the two parties to London on Monday, 7th October, when Longchamp met the citizens in the Guildhall, writes: 'The magnates of the city were divided--Richard Fitz-Reiner, the head of one party, took the side of John. Henry of Cornhill was faithful to the Chancellor. These two knights had been sheriffs at Richard's coronation, and both represented the burgher aristocracy.' Longchamp betook himself to the Tower, and a meeting was held at St. Paul's on Tuesday the 8th, and the barons welcomed the Archbishop of Rouen as chief justiciar, and saluted John as Regent. 'This done, oaths were largely taken: John, the justiciar and the barons swore to maintain the _Communa_ of London; the oath of fealty to Richard was then sworn, John taking it first, then the two archbishops, the bishops, the barons, and last the burghers, with the express understanding that should the King die without issue they would receive John as his successor.'[209] Mr. Round writes: 'The excited citizens, who had poured out overnight, with lanterns and torches, to welcome John to the capital, streamed together on the morning of the eventful 8th October at the well-known sound of the great bell, swinging out from its campanile in St. Paul's Churchyard. There they heard John take the oath to the "Commune" like a French King or lord; and then London for the first time had a municipality of her own.'[210] After this the influence of Longchamp at once faded away. He stood a three days' blockade in the Tower, after which he was forced to surrender, and was deposed from all secular offices. As to the results of this revolution Mr. Round writes: 'Of the character of the "Commune" so granted, of its ultimate fate, and of the part it played in the municipal development of London, nothing has been really known. The only fact of importance ascertained from other sources has been the appearance of a Mayor of London at or about the same time as the grant of a "Commune." It cannot, indeed, be proved that, as has been sometimes supposed, the two phenomena were synchronistic, for no mention of the Mayor of London, after long research, is known to me earlier than the spring of the year 1193. But there is, of course, the strongest presumption that the grant of a "Commune" involved a Mayor, and already, in 1194, we find a citizen accused of boasting that, "come what may, the Londoner shall have no King but their Mayor.'"[211]