In respect of the facts that are recorded, apart from general history, I am indebted principally to the valuable Records of Fort St. George, which the Madras Government have been publishing, volume by volume, during several years, and which I have studied with interest since the first volume appeared. Of other works that I have consulted, I must specially mention Colonel Love's "Vestiges of Madras," which is a very mine of information. G.B. MADRAS, 1921. * * * * * CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v CHAP. I. BEFORE THE BEGINNING 1 II. THE BEGINNING 5 III. FORT ST. GEORGE 9 IV. DEVELOPMENT 18 V. 'THE WALL' 25 VI. EXPANSION 35 VII. OUTPOSTS 41 VIII. THE CHURCH IN THE FORT 47 IX. ROMAN CATHOLIC MADRAS 56 X. CHEPAUK PALACE 63 XI. GOVERNMENT HOUSE 69 XII. MADRAS AND THE SEA 78 XIII. THE STORY OF THE SCHOOLS 87 XIV. HERE AND THERE 101 XV. 'NO MEAN CITY' 111 * * * * * ILLUSTRATIONS CHEPAUK PALACE _Frontispiece_ PAGE MAP OF MADRAS, ABOUT 1710 10 CORRESPONDING MAP, 1921 11 CLIVE'S HOUSE 16 A BIT OF THE BLACK TOWN WALL 26 CENTRAL GATE OF THE BLACK TOWN WALL 28 A MAGAZINE IN THE BLACK TOWN WALL 30 'THE OLD AND THE NEW' 32 MAP OF MADRAS 36 SAN THOME FORT 42 EGMORE FORT (SIDE VIEW) 44 REMAINS OF THE EGMORE FORT 46 ST. MARY'S, FORT ST. GEORGE 49 GOVERNMENT HOUSE, MADRAS 74 THE SEA GATE 80 THE COMPANY'S FLAG 81 SURF-BOAT 83 UNIVERSITY SENATE HOUSE 96 PACHAIYAPPA'S COLLEGE 97 DOVETON PROTESTANT COLLEGE 98 ST. GEORGE'S CATHEDRAL 102 ST. ANDREW'S (THE 'KIRK') 104 ST. THOME CATHEDRAL 106 * * * * * CHRONOLOGICAL NOTES The East India Company established A.D. 1600 First English settlement, at Masulipatam 1611 Site of Madras acquired by Mr. Francis Day 1639 The acquisition confirmed at Chandragiri by the Hindu 'Lord of the Carnatic' 1639 The Hindu lord of the Carnatic (the Raja of Chandragiri) dethroned by the Mohammedan Sultan of Golconda 1646