It is now possible to accurately sketch both parts of Colter’s famous
journey. Firstly, from Fort Manuel he reached the Yep-pe Indian camp and
returned to the mouth of the Bighorn River where Fort Manuel was built,
exactly as the map depicts. It is because of the accuracy of this
section of the Map of 1814 that Colter’s Yellowstone course may be now
traced like tracks in the snow. Secondly, from the Yep-pe Indian camp,
Colter ascended “Elk-Wapiti Creek” to its source; then crossing a range
he came upon a mitten-shaped mountain, which he labeled “fossil.”[45]
From this landmark he probably descended Pass Creek to Thorofare Creek,
which he followed to the Upper Yellowstone River. Then he ascended
Atlantic Creek and crossed the Continental Divide at Two Ocean Pass.
From here he descended Pacific Creek, skirted Big Game Ridge, and
crossed the South Fork of Snake River, within the present confines of
the Park. Thence, along Chicken Ridge, from whence he could frequently
view South Arm, he headed toward Flat Mountain Arm, crossed Solution
Creek, and struck West Thumb.[46] The validity of this itinerary is
wholly sustained by the genuine features of this area as they appear
upon the Map of 1814. Indeed, the route seems obvious and indisputable
in view of the actual conditions existing. There are alternative routes
within certain limitations. On a crude map where there are numerous
similar streams various combinations are possible.[47]
[Illustration: Section from map of 1814 depicting Lewis and Clark
route. Its legend reads: “A map of Lewis and Clark’s Track, Across
the Western Portion of North America, From the Mississippi to the
Pacific Ocean; By Order of the Executive of the United States in
1804, 5, 6. Copied by Samuel Lewis from the Original Drawing of Wm.
Clark.”]
Leaving West Thumb, Colter circled the Lake to its outlet and followed
it to the Hayden Valley thermal area. Dragon’s Mouth and the Mud Volcano
were undoubtedly features contributing to the impression he carried away
and transmitted to others. Even the “Hot Springs Brimstone”
characterization on the Map of 1814 mildly suggests violent thermal
activity. The phrase also suggests that Colter mapped a geyser
basin.[48]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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