Their Narrow Mediæval Limitations, They Had to Have More Room for Their Wanderings. The European World Had Grown Too Small for Their Ambitions. It was the Time of the Great Voyages of Discovery 224 42. Concerning Buddha and Confucius 241 43. The Progress of the Human Race is Best Compared to a Gigantic Pendulum Which Forever Swings Forward and Backward. The Religious Indifference and the Artistic and Literary Enthusiasm of the Renaissance Were Followed by the Artistic and Literary Indifference and the Religious Enthusiasm of the Reformation 251 44. The Age of the Great Religious Controversies 262 45. How the Struggle Between the “Divine Right of Kings” and the Less Divine but More Reasonable “Right of Parliament” Ended Disastrously for King Charles I 279 46. In France, on the Other Hand, the “Divine Right of Kings” Continued with Greater Pomp and Splendor Than Ever Before and the Ambition of the Ruler Was Only Tempered by the Newly Invented Law of the “Balance of Power” 296 47. The Story of the Mysterious Muscovite Empire Which Suddenly Burst upon the Grand Political Stage of Europe 301 48. Russia and Sweden Fought Many Wars to Decide Who Shall Be the Leading Power of Northeastern Europe 308 49. The Extraordinary Rise of a Little State in a Dreary Part of Northern Germany, Called Prussia 313 50. How the Newly Founded National or Dynastic States of Europe Tried to Make Themselves Rich and What Was Meant by the Mercantile System 317 51. At the End of the Eighteenth Century Europe Heard Strange Reports of Something Which Had Happened in the Wilderness of the North American Continent. The Descendants of the Men Who Had Punished King Charles for His Insistence upon His “Divine Rights” Added a New Chapter to the Old Story of the Struggle for Self-Government 323 52. The Great French Revolution Proclaims the Principles of Liberty, Fraternity and Equality Unto All the People of the Earth 334 53. Napoleon 349 54. As Soon as Napoleon Had Been Sent to St. Helena, the Rulers Who So Often Had Been Defeated by the Hated “Corsican” Met at Vienna and Tried to Undo the Many Changes Which Had Been Brought About by the French Revolution 361 55. They Tried to Assure the World an Era of Undisturbed Peace by Suppressing All New Ideas. They Made the Police-Spy