─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Item Lbs. of Milk Per Cent ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Product of 22,768,000 cows at 84,611,350,000 ── 3,716 lbs. per an. Disposition of milk product: ───── 1,650,000,000 lbs. of butter 34,663,850,000 41.0 (at 21 lbs. milk) 420,000,000 lbs. of cheese (at 4,200,000,000 5.0 10 lbs. milk) 975,000,000 lbs. of condensed 2,437,500,000 2.9 milk (at 2½ lbs. milk) 210,000,000 gals. of ice cream 3,150,000,000 3.7 (weighing 6 lbs. to the gallon, 10% fat) 100,000,000 persons; 45% at 36,500,000,000 43.1 0.7 lb. a day (cities) farms with dairy cows, 30%, 1.5 lbs. per day; other farms and small towns, 25%, 1 lb. a day, approximately 17,500,000 calves, whole milk 3,660,000,000 4.3 (estimated) requirement ───── Total 84,611,350,000 100.0 Although the table accounts for all the milk produced, it does not tell the whole story, since the preparation of a number of products results in the formation of vast quantities of by-products that are not used to the fullest advantage for human food. New York City alone consumes 1,600,000 quarts of milk a day, but even this enormous quantity means only 0.6 pint per capita. The consuming public has been slow to realize the value of milk and its products, and too much emphasis cannot be laid upon the fact that even at the largely increased cost of all dairy products they are still some of the cheapest and the most healthful of foods, especially for growing children, and should be used in much larger quantities. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE STORY OF MILK ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE STORY OF MILK CHAPTER I PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK, MILK FERMENTS, PASTEURIZATION DAIRY CATTLE [Illustration: Holstein ] A number of typical but widely different breeds of dairy cows have been developed in various dairy countries, each owing to the soil and the climatic conditions of its home, as well as to the skill and fancy of the breeders, its characteristic features, form, color, etc. [Illustration: Herd of pure-bred Holstein cows on a farm in central New York ]