Moscow (Russia) -- Description and travel; Moscow (Russia) -- History
With a palace in the Kremlin the rulers soon set to work to have palaces
elsewhere. The one at the Sparrow Hills seems to have been most often
resorted to in the early days, but with the advent to Russia of Sophia
Paleologus and the introduction of western customs, not only was the
single palace found inadequate, but Ivan's successors all built
dwellings in the forest or in villages near Moscow where they could go
for sport, or when driven from town by fire, pestilence or revolt.
The most pressing need of the rulers of Moscow when they entered into
relations with the west was a hall for entertaining visitors. It was for
this purpose that the Granovitaia (chequered) Palace was constructed by
the Italian workmen Ivan induced to work in Moscow for the then high
wages of ten roubles a month. It was at this period that the Tsars began
to evolve a special court etiquette. Previously anyone who could force
his way through the throng by whom the princes were surrounded might
speak with them. From the first the court etiquette, though not
elaborate, was firmly insisted upon. Those who came to the palace had to
dismount at some distance from the grand entrance, and approach it on
foot. This accounts for the joy of Bowes, the English envoy, who rode
right up to the grand entrance before dismounting. Those officers sent
to meet foreign envoys had orders not to be the first to dismount; if
the envoy knew the etiquette the parties on meeting would sit for hours
facing each other, then agree to dismount simultaneously. Herberstein
held back after throwing his feet out of the stirrups, so was last to
touch earth, and he counts this a gain to his master. Common people and
lower nobles were not allowed to pass the Tsar's residence covered, and
"must uncover as soon as it is within view."
"The city is built of wood and tolerably large, and at a distance
appears larger than it really is, for the gardens and spacious
courtyards in every house make a great addition to the size of the
town, which is again greatly increased by the houses of the smiths
and other artificers who use fires. These houses extend in a long
row at the end of the city, interspersed with fields and meadows.
Moreover not far from the city are some small houses, and the other
side of the river some villas where, a few years ago, the Tsar
built a new city for his courtiers, who had the privilege of the
Tsar to drink at all seasons, which was forbidden to most, who
were free to drink only at Eastertide and Christmas. For that
reason the Nali, or drinkers, separated themselves from intercourse
with the rest of the inhabitants to avoid corrupting them by their
mode of living. Not far from the city are some monasteries, which
of themselves appear like a great city to persons viewing them from
a distance."--_Herberstein._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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