But Napoleon was not to have it all his own way. The Austrians having
revived their drooping spirits, were bent on making a last desperate
resistance, and for a time it looked very much as though success would
attend their efforts. They discomfited the French on more than one
occasion, but instead of concentrating they fell into the fatal error
of distributing their forces over a large area, and were thus precluded
from striking decisive blows and following up their victories.
Napoleon, equally determined, and much more wary, decided on a bold
stroke. In order to secure the greatest possible number of troops, he
raised the blockade of Mantua, which fortress was entered by Würmser,
Beaulieu’s successor, on the 1st August. After having gained a victory
at Lonato Napoleon barely escaped capture. He and a garrison of some
1200 men were summoned to surrender by a corps of 4000 Austrians. The
envoy, bearing a flag of truce, was led to Napoleon blindfolded, as is
the custom. When the bandage was removed the Commander coolly asked
him, “What means this insolence?” and added that he was in the middle
of the French Army! The envoy was so overcome with fright that he
told his superior officer more fiction than fact. Lonato was occupied
by French troops, he assured him, and if the corps did not lay down
their arms in ten minutes they would be shot. They preferred the less
unpleasant expedient. Their feelings, when they discovered the clever
trick which had been played on them, can be better imagined than
described. On the same day Augereau, after considerable difficulty
and much hard fighting, secured the important strategic position of
Castiglione.
On the 5th August 1796, Würmser and Napoleon fought the battle of
Médola. A lull followed the retreat of the Imperialists after this
action, both sides utilising the time in repairing or attempting to
repair the injuries sustained by them. Napoleon advanced to Verona, and
Mantua was relieved by Würmser. Davidovich, the Austrian commander’s
colleague, met with defeat near Calliano, and Napoleon was thereby
enabled to enter Trent, the capital of the Italian Tyrol. Shortly
afterwards Würmser himself was defeated by Masséna near Bassano,
Napoleon again having a narrow escape from capture as the Austrians
retreated upon Mantua.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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