In the early days of 1805 the Emperor determined to delay no further.
He who said that “God is on the side of the biggest battalions”
probably thought that the same maxim applied to fleets. The Spanish
naval resources were now allied to those of France, making them
numerically stronger than those of the enemy, although decidedly
deficient in fighting qualities and seamanship. In brief, Napoleon’s
last desperate attempt at the invasion of England was as follows:
Villeneuve with the Toulon squadron, after joining that at Cadiz, was
to make for the West Indies, there to be met by Missiessy. Ganteaume,
escaping from Brest, was to call at Ferrol for the vessels lying there
and join the others, making fifty-nine first-class ships in all,
excluding frigates. The combined fleets were then to make a dash across
the Atlantic and appear before Boulogne, where the flotilla would be in
readiness to sail.
Villeneuve carried out his part, but Missiessy and Ganteaume failed,
the latter because he was unable to pierce the British cordon.
Napoleon, not to be discouraged, sent word to Villeneuve to come back,
drive the British from their station off Ferrol, secure the fourteen
ships in that harbour, repeat the operation at Brest, where there were
twenty-one ships, and then make for Boulogne. Nelson had given chase
and been outwitted, but by sending a swift-sailing brig to Plymouth
to inform the authorities of his misfortune and the approach of the
French fleet on its homeward voyage, they were enabled to order the
British ships off Rochefort and Ferrol to leave their position and
intercept Villeneuve. This, under Admiral Calder, they were successful
in doing, two Spanish ships being lost in the action that was fought.
Owing to fog and want of confidence on Calder’s part, however, the
contest was indecisive, and the Frenchman reached the Spanish fort of
Vigo, afterwards creeping into Ferrol, where fourteen sail-of-the-line
awaited him, the total force now being twenty-nine. Meanwhile five
French ships which had been hemmed in at Rochefort, taking advantage
of the absence of the British, were likely to join them, thus placing
thirty-four vessels at Villeneuve’s disposal for a dash to Brest. He
made the attempt and failed, neglected to inform the commander of the
Rochefort squadron, who was vainly searching for him, and retreated to
Cadiz, where six Spanish ships were added to his squadron.
Calder and Collingwood “sat tight” outside the harbour with one eye
on the enemy and the other searching for signs of the British ships
which they knew would be with them before long. Nelson, after spending
a short time in England, hove in sight off Cadiz on the day before
his forty-seventh birthday and assumed supreme command. The officers
trooped into his cabin to congratulate him. “The reception I met with
on joining the fleet,” he declared, “caused the sweetest sensation of
my life.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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