1835. =César A. Cui= (Vilna). Has built up a reputation for himself amongst Russian composers for his works of every description, and he has an important place amongst those who have developed opera in Russia. _William Ratcliff_ and _Le Flibustier_ deserve special mention. 1835. =C. C. Saint-Saëns= (Paris). One of the most versatile and gifted of modern French composers; has enriched the world by a few operas and by the sacred drama _Samson et Dalila_, which is often heard in English concert rooms. More recent efforts include _Henry VIII._ and _Phryne_. 1836. =Emil Hartmann= (Copenhagen). Is one of the few operatic composers of Denmark. His music is not heard in England. 1837. =Ernest Guiraud= (New Orleans). A contemporary and co-worker of Délibes; wrote _Piccolino_ and other pieces. 1837. =F. C. T. Dubois= (Rosney). The famous French organist; has also achieved certain success with his operas and ballets. 1837. =Joseph Huber= (Sigmaringen). A disciple of the German school. Wrote two operas, popular in their day. 1838. =Georges Bizet= (Paris). Is never likely to be forgotten so long as _Carmen_ attains to a tithe of its present popularity. This bright and sparkling work is deservedly in the front rank of favourite operas. Bizet wrote several unimportant operas before _Carmen_, but his early death prevented his giving to the world any successor to that famous opera. 1838. =Zelia Trebelli= (Paris). A _prima donna_ of high rank. She made her début at Madrid, and was successful in Germany and in London, where her appearances in Italian opera were very frequent. 1838. =Frederic Clay= (Paris). The composer of the popular “I’ll sing thee songs of Araby.” Wrote several light operas for Covent Garden and other English houses. 1839. =C. P. L. Délibes= (St. Germain du Val). Wrote bright and sparkling music, and was most successful in the ballet. Everyone is familiar with his _Sylvia_, and among his operas are _Lakmé_ and _Le Roi l’a dit_. 1839. =Carlos Gomez= (Compinos). Was a Brazilian composer, whose opera _Il Guarany_ was performed at Covent Garden. 1839. =V. de Goncieres= (Paris). Has produced several grand operas, none of which have met with continued success. 1839. =Edward Napravnik= (Königgratz). Was for a time the conductor of opera in Petersburg, and also wrote many national operas and songs.