Offenbach, 89 Offenbach’s _Orphée aux enfers_, 89; _Les Contes d’Hoffmann_, 90 Opera and politics, 199 “Opera Buffa,” 12, 64 “Opera Comique,” 15, 82, 83, 185 Opera House, Attempts to provide London with, 158; Covent Garden, 172; “La Scala,” Milan, 173; “San Carlo,” Naples, 173; “Académie Nationale de Musique,” Paris, 175; Vienna, 177; Hungarian, Budapest, 178; National Theatre, Prague, 178; Berlin, 178; Dresden, 179; Court Theatre, Munich, 179; Bayreuth, 180 Opera houses, the chief, 172-184 “Opera in Musica,” 1, 5 “Opero Seria,” 12 Operetta, 185 Opera, What is it? 1; derivation of term, 1; an artificial product, 2-3; hybrid, 4; defined, 5; growth of, 8; reformers of, 18; beginnings of, 42; logical commencement of, 37; early Italian, 39-42; early French, 42-43; early German, 43-44; early English, 44-47; small influence of great composers on, 61; Italian school of, 63-75; German school, 76-80; French school, 81-90; English, of eighteenth and part of nineteenth centuries, 91-97; chief modern composers of, 120; subsidized, 150; an educative quantity, 151; objections to subsidized, 151; English, 152; Covent Garden, 154; how to listen to and enjoy it, 163-171; in Russia, 183; in other European countries, 183; in Egypt and America, 184 Orchestra, use of, 10; definite shaping of, 14