His noble Good Friday hymn, which in Latin begins with the words, _Salve caput cruentatum_, alone would have gained undying fame for Bernard, but we are indebted to this gifted monk for another remarkable poem, _De Nomine Jesu_, from which at least three of our most beautiful English hymns have been derived. One of these is a translation by the Englishman, Edward Caswall: Jesus, the very thought of Thee With sweetness fills my breast; But sweeter far Thy face to see And in Thy presence rest. A second by the same translator is equally beautiful: O Jesus! King most wonderful, Thou Conqueror renowned, Thou sweetness most ineffable, In whom all joys are found. The third derived from Bernard's Latin lyric is by the American hymnist, Ray Palmer: O Jesus, Joy of loving hearts! Thou Fount of life! Thou Light of men! From fullest bliss that earth imparts, We turn unfilled to Thee again. Throughout the Middle Ages the verses of Bernard were a source of inspiration to faithful souls, and it is said that even the Crusaders who kept guard over the holy sepulchre at Jerusalem sang his _De Nomine Jesu_. A noted contemporary, Bernard of Cluny, shares with Bernard of Clairvaux the distinction of occupying the foremost place among the great Latin hymn-writers. This Bernard was born in Morlaix in Brittany of English parents very early in the twelfth century. After having entered the Abbey of Cluny, which at that time was the most wealthy and luxurious monastery in Europe, he devoted his leisure hours to writing his famous poem, _De contemptu mundi_. This poem, which is a satire against the vices and follies of his age, contains 3,000 lines. From this poem have been derived three glorious hymns--"Jerusalem the golden," "Brief life is here our portion," and "For thee, O dear, dear country." Other noted Latin hymn-writers who followed the two Bernards included Thomas of Celano who, in the thirteenth century, wrote the masterpiece among judgment hymns, _Dies irae, dies illa_, of which Walter Scott has given us the English version, "That day of wrath, that dreadful day"; Adam of St. Victor, who was the composer of more than one hundred sequences of high lyrical order; Jacobus de Benedictis, who is thought to be the writer of _Stabat mater dolorosa_, the pathetic Good Friday hymn which in its adapted form is known as "Near the cross was Mary weeping"; and Thomas Aquinas, who was the author of _Lauda, Sion, salvatorem_, a glorious hymn of praise. With these writers the age of Latin hymnody is brought to a close. PART II German Hymnody The Battle Hymn of the Reformation A mighty Fortress is our God, A trusty Shield and Weapon, He helps us in our every need That hath us now o'ertaken. The old malignant foe E'er means us deadly woe: Deep guile and cruel might Are his dread arms in fight, On earth is not his equal.