Paper lumber is another curious form of the staple. It is produced by making the ordinary strawboard on a cylinder machine, running it through a vat of resin and other waterproofing heated to a temperature of 350° Fahrenheit, then placing together the sheets so resined and subjecting them to hydraulic pressure. The result is a paper board three-sixteenths of an inch thick, and of a dark or blackish color. It can be cut with a saw or chisel, is very hard and solid, and has been marketed in slabs thirty-two inches in width by twelve feet in length at forty dollars a thousand. It is used for the interiors of railway-cars and for perforated chairs. ♦Chamois fiber♦ A product of the paper-mill has been used quite extensively the last few years for clothing. It is called chamois fiber or mangled fiber. It is made from a long-fibered, strong sulphite stock, and is passed through a specially constructed machine which mangles or crushes the fiber, giving it a soft and flexible character, like chamois. It has been used in dress-skirts and for under-vests, and has an added advantage over cloth in being practically impervious to air. Paper boats are made of especially prepared paper pulp, molded and pressed into shape. Paper flour-barrels, water-pails, and other like articles are made by stamping out their form from paper pulp or heavy cylinder-made paper possessing folding properties. ♦Papier-maché♦ Papier-maché is another product of paper almost unlimited in its uses. The materials of which it is made, for the commoner classes of work, are old waste and scrap paper, repulped and mixed with a strong size of glue and paste. To this are often added quantities of ground chalk, clay, and lime. For the finest class of work, a method invented in 1772 by Henry Clay, of Birmingham, England, is followed. Sheets of specially made paper are soaked together in a strong size of paste and glue, molded into the desired shape and dried in an oven, other layers being added, if necessary, to secure the required size and shape. The dried object is hardened by being dipped in oil, and is then trimmed and prepared for japanning and ornamentation. In delicate relief-work, a pulp is prepared of scrap paper, which is dried, then ground to powder and mixed with paste and a proportion of potash until a very fine, thin paste is formed. Papier-maché is an exceedingly strong, tough, durable substance, slightly elastic, and not liable to warp or fracture. The articles for which it is used make a long list, including ornamental boxes, trays, match-safes, dolls’ heads, toys, anatomical and botanical models, artists’ lay-figures, picture-frames, panels, and other mural ornaments. It has also been employed in the construction of coaches and for door-panels, while under the name of carton pierre, which is practically the same substance, are molded ornaments for walls and ceilings. Ordinary roofing and carpet felts are similar in manufacture.