The use of moistened papier-maché in electrotyping, and the method followed, is too well known to need description. ♦Wall-paper♦ In the use of paper for wall-hangings, the artistic and practical come together. From the earliest days when men made for themselves permanent abodes, mural decoration of one form or another has been known, and every branch of painting, sculpture, and decorative art has been called into service. It is not strange that paper, with its many adaptations and wonderful possibilities, should, when it reached the proper stage of development, find one of its principal uses in making beautiful the walls of our homes. The eighteenth century was well advanced when wall-papers came into use in Europe, but it is claimed that they were used much earlier by the Chinese, who, with characteristic ingenuity, have made clothing, handkerchiefs, napkins, and a great variety of other useful articles out of paper. The first patterns were very crude, but through the slow processes of development and improvement a wonderful degree of perfection has been attained. Beauty and taste in the decorative art find their highest exponent in the “repped morocco” and fine colored papers. Repped or corded papers are those having raised designs, which are produced by passing the web between rollers on which the ribs or other devices have been cut or engraved. The embossing of morocco and other paper of raised design is done in the same way. The morocco and leather papers are imitations of the old stamped leather hangings of earlier days, which were usually made of the skins of goats and calves, cut into rectangular shape. ♦Embossed effects♦ These skins were stamped and embossed, having been first covered with silver-leaf and varnished with a transparent yellow lacquer that gave to the silver the appearance of gold. The reliefs were painted by hand in many bright colors. Leather wall-papers are treated in a similar manner, and are capable of being brought to any desired degree of richness. The richer grades of flat-surfaced figured wall-papers are printed with wooden blocks, upon which the designs are cut in relief, there being a block for each color. These blocks are applied by hand, after having been dipped in an elastic cloth sieve charged with tempera pigments. Care is used to place each block on exactly the right place, thus securing perfect register. In many cases the figures on the block are inlaid with copper, especially in the thin outlines. ♦Block printing♦ In “block” and gold and silver printing the design is first printed in a strong size; the finely cut wool of the required color, called “flock,” or the metallic powder imitating gold or silver, is then sprinkled on by hand all over the paper, and adheres closely to the size. Where the pattern is to stand out in relief, the process is repeated until the desired results are obtained. The cheaper sorts of wall-papers, as well as some that are very rich, are