The truth is that we know very little about the early inhabitants of
Russia; nor do they concern us greatly, because grave changes occurred
in the fourth century of our era. At that time several large and
warlike tribes of Central Asia moved westward compelling other tribes
on their route to join them or to move ahead. Thus they gathered
strength until it looked as if Asia was bent upon the conquest of
Europe. They poured in through the gap between the Ural mountains and
the Caspian Sea, and the civilized people of southeastern Europe were
unable to cope with the savage hordes. In the vanguard were the Goths,
who made an effort to settle, in Scythia, but they were forced to move
on when Attila, who is known as the Scourge of God, swooped down upon
them with his Huns. He was followed by a host of Finns, Bulgarians,
Magyars, and Slavs who, however, left his wake, scattered and settled
down. Soon after the Slavs became known to Greek authors and were
described by them. They were divided into a number of tribes, among
them the Russian Slavs who settled about the sources of the Volga and
the Oka, and were the founders of Novgorod, Pskof, and Izborsk.
They must have been a numerous people. We hear of another tribe
settling on the banks of the Vistula, and laying the foundation of (p. 026)
the future kingdom of Poland. They settled on the upper Elbe, and in
the north of Germany. It is believed that the Slavs are ancestors of
the people in Bohemia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Servia, and Dalmatia, and in
Prussia of those living in Pomerania and Brandenburg.
All these Slavs, although widely dispersed, practiced the same heathen
rites, spoke the same language, and nursed the same traditions, until
they fell under different influences. They were, however, not the sole
occupants of northeastern Europe. Other races had followed in Attila's
wake, and among them the Finns were the most numerous and most
warlike. They settled in the basin of the Dwina and the Kama and named
their new home Biarmaland, while the Russians called it Great Permia.
They also occupied what is now known as Finland, but which was then
known as Land of the Suomi. The Finns, more than any other tribe, bore
evidence of their Asiatic origin.
Thus the present European Russia was divided among a host of tribes,
belonging either to the Slav or Finn families, and each kept to a
great extent the superstitions and traditions of his race. Even in our
time the traces of these superstitions are plainly discernible in many
parts of Russia. When Christianity was introduced among these people,
the missionaries found many of the barbaric rites so strongly
implanted among the people that, instead of making vain efforts to
uproot them, they preferred to admit them under a Christian name.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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