[Illustration: Fig. 4_a_.--Bushman Paintings] The faces of sandstone caverns in South Africa are often covered with paintings which are the handiwork of Bushmen (figs. 4, 4_a_, and 4_b_). With a skill showing some advance on the art of the Australian aborigines there is depicted, usually in black or brownish-red colour, the hunting and other exploits which make up life among a people who represent the aboriginal races of the southern portion of the continent. Some of the drawings border on caricature; others, in the words of an observer, "suggest actual portraiture. The ornamentation of the head-dresses, feathers, beads tassels, &c., seemed to have claimed much care, while the higher class of drawings indicate correct appreciation of the actual appearance of objects, and perspective and foreshortening are well rendered." (Mark Hutchinson, _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xiv. p. 464.) [Illustration: Fig. 4_b_.--Specimen of Bushmen Rock Sculptures] [Illustration: Fig. 4_c_.--Engravings found on Rocks in Algeria (compare with Bushmen type)] These probably now degraded folk, who live on lizards, locusts, and roots when other food fails, have a good store of legend and folk-lore. Fig. 5 seems to portray their belief in "sympathetic magic," if, as conjectured, it represents the dragging of an hippopotamus or other amphibious animal across the land for the purpose of producing rain. The Semangs of the Malay Peninsula use a bamboo rain-charm (fig. 6), on which the wind-driven showers are depicted in oblique lines, and, among many other examples wherein the higher and lower culture meet together, there is one supplied by old Rome, where it was the custom to throw images of the corn-spirit into the Tiber so that the crops might be drenched with rain. As showing the persistency of superstitions, here is a paragraph anent the severe drought in Russia last autumn: "In another village of the district of Bugulma some moujiks opened the grave of a peasant who had lately been buried, and then poured water over the corpse, in the belief that this was the best method of bringing rain."--_Daily Chronicle_, 24th August 1899. [Illustration: Fig. 5.--Bushman Rain-Charm.] [Illustration: Fig. 6.--Semang Rain-Charm.] [Illustration: Fig. 6_a_.--Record of Expedition.]